J '! .' ■■ "*' '• .;•''■:■■•".•.'■. > *V' 



U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 



S F 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL I NDUSTRY— Bulletin No. 6. 

D: E. SALMON, D. V. M., Chief of Bureau, 




THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING 



AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES. 



GEORGE M. ROMMEL, B. S. A., 
Expert in Animal Husbandry , Bureau of Animal Industry. 




WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1904. 



HwpffM 1 




Gass— ^ r y 

Book rKl fe 



U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL I NDUSTRY— Bulletin No. 6. 

D. E. SALMON, D. V. M., Chief of Bureau. 






¥■? f 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING 



AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES. 



GEORGE M. ROMMEL, B. S. A., 

Expert in Animal Husbandry , Bureau of Animal Industry. 




WASHINGTON: 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 



1904. 
JMgraph 



\9 



OCT 20 1906 
0. of 0, 



LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 



U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

Bureau of Animal Industry, 
Washington, D. C. , June 7, 190 %. 
Sir: I respectfully submit herewith for publication as a bulletin of 
this Bureau a manuscript entitled "The Score Card in Stock Judging 
at Agricultural Colleges," compiled by George M. Rommel, expert in 
animal husbandry. This material was collected during the past year 
to combine for ready reference the score-card forms used by instruc- 
tors in animal husbandry throughout the United States. 

Nearly all the college cards for market classes in use at present are 
included in the following pages. Cards for the several breeds were 
omitted for various reasons, but chiefly because instruction in the 
judging of market classes and that of breeds is clearly divided; the 
latter can very well form the nucleus of another similar bulletin. 

The charts illustrating the points of the various animals were 
designed not so much to serve as universal guides for this purpose as 
to show the location of the parts described by the terms used in the 
different score cards. 

The Bureau is indebted to Prof. Andrew Boss, of the Minnesota 
School of Agriculture, for the loan of charts used by him in giving 
instruction in meat production. These charts are submitted for use 
in this bulletin. 

Thanks are also due instructors in animal husbandry in nearly 
every agricultural college in the country for placing their score cards 
and other similar material at the disposal of the Bureau. 
Respectfully, 

D. E. Salmon, 

Chief of Bureau 
Hon. James Wilson, 

Secretary of Agriculture. 



CONTENTS. 



Introduction - 7 

Forms of score cards 8. 

Horses 10 

Light horses 13 

Draft horses 26 

Mules 39 

Beef cattle 40 

Store cattle 57 

Dairy cattle 58 

. 82 

Lard hogs 92 

Bacon hogs 95 

97 

Mutton sheep 103 

Wool sheep 112 

Poultry '_ 113 

Dressed carcasses and block records: 

Beef cattle 116 

Lard hogs 118 

Bacon hogs 119 

Mutton sheep 119 

Animal mechanics: 

Horses , 120 

Cattle 123 

Market reports: 

Beef cattle 124 

Efficiency of milking 124 



LLUSTRATIONS 



PLATES. 

Page. 

Plate 1. Diagram of steer, showing Minnesota method of cutting carcass 124 

2. Diagram of carcass of beef -. 124 

3. Shoulder cut and folded roast 124 

4. Small end ribs and large end ribs 124 

5. Rolled roast and porterhouse steak 124 

6. Sirloin cuts 124 

7. Round cuts 124 

8. Diagram of hog, showing method of cutting carcass 124 

9. Diagram of carcass of hog with head, shoulders, and hams partly 

detached 124 

10. Shoulders and hams 124 

11. Sides and middle 124 

12. Diagram of sheep 124 

13. Diagram of carcass of mutton 124 

14. Shoulders 124 

15. Loin, rack, and rib cuts 124 

16. Leg of mutton, side and under views 124 

TEXT FIGURES. 

Fig. 1. Points of the horse 10 

2. Points of beef cattle — side view 40 

3. Points of beef cattle— front and rear views 40 

4. Points of the dairy cow — side view 58 

5. Points of the dairy cow — three-quarters rear view 58 

6. Points of the hog — three-quarters front view '. 82 

7. Points of the hog — side view 82 

8. Points of the sheep — side view 97 

9. Points of the sheep — front and rear views 97 

10. Chart for study of proportions of the horse 1 20 

11 . Chart for study of articular angles of the horse 122 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING AT AGRI- 
CULTURAL COLLEGES. 



Compiled by George M. Rommel, B. S. A., 
Expert in Animal Husbandry, Bureau of Animal Industry. 



INTRODUCTION. 

No branch of agricultural college work has developed more rapidly 
during recent years nor attracted more general attention than the 
instruction in animal husbandry — the theoretical and practical selec- 
tion and management of live stock. The immense value of our animal 
industry (with an estimated annual output of over 1800,000,000), the 
important relation between live stock and the maintenance of fertility, 
not to mention the pleasure that attends the successful management 
of farm animals, have drawn the attention of agricultural educators to 
this field of work. Indeed, in some instances, the realization of its 
importance by the agricultural public has had a most telling effect in 
bringing about proper recognition hy the colleges of a previously 
neglected branch of agriculture. 

Instruction in the principles of stock judging demands a very large 
share of the teacher's time. The aim of the colleges in this work is 
not to graduate men who are fully equipped to perform the duties of 
a judge in a show ring, but to give instruction in fundamental princi- 
ples on which the student, as years give experience, can build an 
accurate and extensive knowledge of animal form. 

The place of the score card in this scheme is important. As an aid 
to the judge in the show ring, its use is practically obsolete, except in 
the case of poultry. It is very easy for a competent judge to " score" 
two animals by the card and reach results directly opposite to what he 
would have done had the ring been judged b} r the show-yard system. 
AVhen thirty or forty animals confront him, no judge would now think 
of using a score card. However, to learn the cardinal points of form 
and action and to develop systematic methods, there is no more con- 
venient or expeditious manual than a concise and accurate card. 



8 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

The first essential in such instruction is to lead the beginner to see 
correctl} 7 — to know what faults or merits each point of the animal 
presents to the eye or touch. For example, the accepted standards 
demand that a horse shall have a lean, straight head, of moderate 
length, with neat, smartly carried ears of moderate size; a broad, full 
forehead; large, prominent, intelligent, clear e} r es; and a tine muzzle, 
with large nostrils and firm, even lips. It is necessary that the stu- 
dent learn what is therefore an unwritten part of such work. 

Following 1 this first step the student learns the comparative value of 
the different points. For example, he is taught that it is more impor- 
tant, commercially, that a horse shall have a wide, deep, straight, clean 
hock than a straight, clean head; and he is shown that one of these 
points has a value of eight or ten on the card, while the other is 
given one -or two. He learns that if a fat steer is thick and even in 
the covering of the back, he can overlook a little spareness of flesh 
on the lower rib or a slight lack of development of either flank. In 
short, he learns what parts in the equine anatomy are most essential 
to the actual usefulness of a horse, and what parts of a meat-bearing 
animal bring the highest prices on the block. 

When this step is taken many of the colleges give their students 
work that is little different from that of the show ring. Three or 
four animals are placed before the student and he is required to place 
them according to individual merit, writing his reasons on blanks 
provided for the purpose. No score cards are used, but the student 
is held as closely as possible to the use of score-card terms. When 
this stage is reached successfully the cards are dispensed with and the 
student is supposed to know what is required in the ideal animal. 
Here the training of the judgment begins, for which college work is 
really only the preparation. In some cases the score cards are elim- 
inated gradually by requiring the student to assign his reasons point 
by point before he assigns general reasons for his decisions. This 
has an advantage in that it is made difficult to overlook any essential 
features. 

The score card, therefore, is only for instruction in fundamentals, 
and, while in itself it is impracticable for use in the show } T ard, these 
fundamentals form the basis for all competent judging. 

FORMS OF SCORE CARDS. 

The forms of cards used by different instructors naturally vaiy con- 
siderably. Some institutions, for example, use but one card for both 
draft and light horses. The description is practically the same for 
both types, and differences are noted in the text. The different stand- 
ards are provided for by two columns of "points." This system is 
seen in the cards for horses used by the New Hampshire College, 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. V> 

Cornell University, the North Carolina College, and the Ohio State 
University, and in the cards for sheep used by the New Hampshire 
and North Carolina colleges, Purdue University, and the Utah Agri- 
cultural College. Its advantages are that it permits the student to get 
a clear idea of the essentials of each type b\ r comparison, and gives 
him an idea of animal form in the abstract. Its disadvantages are 
that a sufficient amount of explanation of differences is not possible, 
and there is apt to be confusion of types. The more commonl}- 
accepted system is a separate card for each type, no matter how close 
the resemblance. 

Generally, the score cards have blanks for the date, name of student, 
and designation of the animal. In some, space is provided for the 
age, name of owner, sex, etc. 

Several colleges have adopted the plan of numbering the points of 
the card consecutively. These numbers refer to a blank on which 
spaces are provided for the score by the student and the instructor. 
The principal advantage of the blank is that it enables the student to 
make notes of deficient points. 

In some institutions, the cards for each class of animals are printed 
on the inside covers of a stiff cardboard folder, into which are inserted 
a number of these blanks. The student thus has his guide and note- 
book under one cover, and also has the advantage of having- a perma- 
nent form of card. The University of Tennessee uses a stiff leather- 
bound folder. On one side is a pocket in which the score cards are 
placed, and a slot is cut into the other cover into which is slipped the 
cardboard back of a pad of blanks, the book thus holding the score 
cards for each class of stock and also the notebook for the class work. 
It has the advantage over other forms in that one book only is 
necessary. 

Several minor changes have been made in the wording and punctua- 
tion of the various cards for the sake of uniformity. Values and 
definitions, however, are exactly as furnished by the colleges in all 
cases. 

Acknowledgments are due the instructors who supplied these cards 
for the courtesj^. 

The score cards now in use follow. 



10 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



HORSES. 




1. Muzzle. 

2. Nostril. 

3. Lips. 

4. Nose. 

5. Face. 

(i. Forehead. 

7. Eye. 

8. Ears. 

9. Angle of lower jaw. 
H). Throiitlatch, throat, 

or throttle. 



— Points of the horse. 



11. Windpipe. 22. Pasterns. 

12. Crest. 23. Feet. 

13. Withers. 24. Breast. 

14. Shoulder. 25. Girth. 

15. Point of shoulder. 26. Barrel, or ribs. 

16. Arm. 27. Fore flank. 

17. Elboworelbowjoint. 28. Back. 

18. Forearm. 29. Loin. 

19. Knee. 30. Hind flank. 

20. Cannons. 31. Under line. 

21. Fetlocks. 32. Hip. 



33. Croup, or rump. 

34. Tail. 

35. Buttock. 

36. Quarter. 

37. Thigh. 

38. Stifle joint 

39. Gaskin, lower thigh 

stifle, or leg. 

40. Hock. 



THE SCOEE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



11 



New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Same as Cornell card (see below) for horses, with the following exceptions: Under neck, the clause 
beginning "depth of insertion," etc., is omitted; under pasterns, read "6 to 7 inches;" for horses for 
speed, 8 points are allowed for fore feet and 6 for action. 



Cornell University. 



Scale of points. 



For speed. 



A. General appearance: 

Height, estimated hands; actual hands 

Weight, estimated pounds; actual • pounds 

Form, for force, low, massive; for speed, high, lithe 

Quality, bone flat; tendons lean; skin and hair fine 

Action, step smooth, quick, long; trot rapid, straight, regular 

Attitude, members vertical 

Temperament, lively, pleasant 

B. Head and neck: 

Head, lean; length two-fifths height of withers; width of forehead 
more than one-third length of head; depth of head one-half its 
length; for S., smaller, carried higher, more horizontal 

Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin 

Eyes, full, bright, intelligent 

Ears, short, clean, fine, directed forward, wide apart 

Neck, pyramidal, muscled; throat clean, fine; windpipe large; depth 
of insertion at shoulder equals length of underline, 2 to 4 inches 
shorter than head; for F., neck shorter, thicker, more horizontal 

C. Fore quarters: 

Shoulders, long, extending into back; point of shoulder to point of 
withers, equals length of head; for F., shorter more upright 

Arms, relatively short, 12 to 13 inches; for F., more horizontal 

Forearms, vertical, long, 14 to 15 inches wide; for F., shorter, more 
heavily muscled 

Knees, clean cut, wide, deep, 2 inches, strongly supported 

Cannons, vertical, short, 9 to 10 inches, lean, wide; tendons well de- 
tached; for S., longer 

Fetlocks, wide, thick, clean 

. Pasterns, fetlock to ground, 7 to 8 inches; for S., long, sloping; for F., 
short, more upright 

Feet, round, even size; horn dark colored, dense; sole concave; bars 
strong; frog large, elastic; heel vertical, one-half length of toe 

D. Body: 

Chest in general, high, wide, long; more than half height of horse; for 
F., girth larger 

Withers, clearly defined for S - . 

Breast, for S., high, projecting; for F., broad, muscular 

Ribs, long, round curvature, wide apart 

Back, straight, short, muscular; shoulders to haunch equals length of 
head; for S. , longer 

Loin, wide, short, thick 

Flank, narrow, low 

E. Hind quarters: 

Croup, wide, long, muscular, 2 to 4 inches shorter than head; for S., 
horizontal; for F., shorter, more oblique 

Tail, long, full, fine, set and carried high 

Thighs, for S., long, 15 to 16 inches, upright; stifle deviated outward; 1 
for F., shorter, more horizontal, muscular 

Buttocks, heavily muscled, well descended 

Legs, for S., long, 14 to 15 inches, upright; for F., shorter, more hori- 
zontal, heavily muscled 

Hocks, clean cut, large, straight, 3 to 3s inches deep; for F., wider 

Cannons, 11 to 12 inches, otherwise as above 

Fetlocks, as above 

Pasterns, as above .• 

Feet, compared with above, more oval, more concave; heels higher, 
more separated; walls more vertical 



Total. 



North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. 



Same as Cornell card (see above) for horses, with the following exceptions: Under pasterns, read 
"ti to 7 inches;" under thighs, read "15 to 17 inches;" for horses for speed, 1 point is allowed for 
neck, 2 for arm, 8 for fore feet, and for action. 



12 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



The College of Agriculture and Domestic Science, Ohio State University. 



Scale of points. 



For speed. 



A. General appearance: 

Height, estimated hands; actual hands 

Weight, estimated pounds; actual pounds 

Form, for force, low, massive; for speed, high, lithe 

Quality, bone flat; tendinis lean; skin and hairline 

Action, step smooth, quick, long; trot rapid, straight, regular 

Attitude, members vertical 

T( mperament, lively, pleasant 

B. Head and neck: 

Head, lean; length two-fifths height of withers; width of forehead 
more than one-third length of head; depth of head one-half its 
length; for S., smaller, carried higher, more horizontal 

Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin 

Eyes, full, bright, intelligent 

Ears, short, clean, fine, directed forward, wide apart 

Neck, pyramidal, muscled; throat clean, fine; windpipe large: depth 
of insertion at shoulder equals length of underline, '2 to 4 inches 
shorter than head; for F., neck, shorter, thicker, more horizontal 

C. Fore quarters: 
Shoulders, long,, extending into back; point of shoulder to point of 



witl 
Anns, 
Korea 

heavih 
Knees, c 
Cannons 

taehed 
Fetlocks 
Pasterns. 



length of head; for F., shorter, more upright 

latfvely short, 12 to 13 inches; for F., more horizontal 

s, vertical, long, 14 to 15 inches, wide; for F., shorter, more 



t, wide, deep, 2 inches, strongly supported 

d, short, 9 to 10 inches, lean, wide; tendons well de- 
lunger 

thick, clean 

•k to ground, 6 to 7 inches; for S., long, sloping; for F., 



short, more upright 
Feet, round, even size; horn dark colored, dense; sole concave; bars 

strong; frog large, elastic; heel vertical one-half length of toe 

D. Body: 

Chest in general, high, wide, long; more than half height of horse; for 

F. , gi rt h larger 

Withers, clearly defined for S .' 

Breast, for S., high, projecting; for F., broad, muscular 

Ribs, long; round curvature, wide apart 

Back, straight, short, muscular; shoulders to haunch equals length of 

head; for S., longer 

Loin, wide, short, thick 

Flank, narrow, low 

F. Hind quarters: 

Croup, wide, long, muscular, 2 to 4 inches shorter than head; for S., 

horizontal; for F., shorter, more oblique 

Tail, set ami carried high, long, full, fine 

Thighs, forS., long, 15 to 16 inches, upright; stitle deviated outward; for 

P., shorter, mi >re horizontal, muscular 

Buttocks, heavily muscled, well descended 

Legs, for 8., long, 14 to 15 inches, upright; for F., shorter, more horizon- 
tal, heavily muscled 

Hocks, clean cut, large, straight, 3 to 3i inches deep; for F., wider 

Cannons, 11 to 12 inches, otherwise as above 

Fetlocks, as a I n >ve 

Pasterns, as above 

Feet, compared with above, more oval, more concave; heels higher, 

more separated; walls more vertical 



Total. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



13 



LIGHT HORSES. 



College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Student's 
score. 



Age, estimated, ; actual, 

General appearance— 13 points: 

1. Weight, estimated pounds; actual, pounds 

2. Height, estimated hands; actual, hands 

3. Form, type, ; symmetrical, smooth, stylish 

4. Quality, bone clean", firm, indicating sufficient substance; ten- 

dons' defined ; hair and skin fine 

5. Temperament, active; disposition good 

Head and neck — 7 points: 

6. Head, lean, straight 

7. Muzzle, fine: nostril large; lips thin, even; teeth sound 

8. Eyes, large, full, bright, clear 

9. Forehead, broad, full 

10. Ears, size medium; pointed; well carried, not far apart 

11. Neck, well muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe 



Fore quarters— 23 points: 

12. Shoulder, long, smooth with muscle, oblique, extending into 

back, well muscled at withers 

13. Arm, short, thrown forward 

14. Forearm, well muscled, long, wide 

15. Knees, clean, wide, straight, deep, strongly supported 

16. Cannons, short, wide; sinews, large, setback 

17. Fetlocks, wide, straight 

18. Pasterns, strong, long, angle with ground 45 degrees , 

19. Feet, medium, even size; straight; horn dense; frog large, 

elastic; bars strong; sole concave; heel wide, high 

20. Legs i. 

Body— 9 points: 

21. Ghest, deep, low; girth large 

22. Ribs, long, well sprung, close 

23. Back, straight, short, broad, well muscled 

24. Loins, wide, short, thick 

25. Underline, long; flank letdown 

Hind quarters — 30 points: 

26. Hips, smooth, wide, level 

27. Croup, long, wide, muscular 

28. Tail, attached high, well carried , 

29. Thighs, long, muscular, spread, open angled 

30. Quarters, heavily muscled, deep 

31. Gaskins (or lower thighs), long, wide, muscular 

32. Hocks, clearly defined, wide, straight 

33. Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, set back , 

34. Fetlocks, wide, straight 

35. Pasterns, strong, sloping 

36. Feet, size medium, even; straight; horn dense; frog large, 
elastic; bars strong; sole concave; heel wide, high 

jegs, viewed from behind, a perpendicular line from the 
point of the buttock should fall upon the center of the hock, 
cannon, pastern and foot; from the side, a perpendicu- 
lar line from the hip joint should fall upon the center of 
the foot and divide the gaskin in the middle, and a per- 
pendicular line from the point of the buttock should run 

parallel with the line of the cannon 

38. Action, step smooth, long, active; trot rapid, straight, regu- 
lar, high 

Total 



37. 



14 BUREAU OP^ ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points for gelding. 



1. Age 

General appearance: 

2. Weight, 

3. Height r 

4. Form, symmetrical, smooth, stylish 

5. Quality," bone clean, fine, yet indicating sufficient substance; tendons defined; hair 

and skin fine 

6. Temperament, active; disposition good 

Head and neck: 

7. Head, lean, straight 

8. Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin, even 

9. Eyes, full, bright, clear, large 

10. Forehead, broad, full 

11. Ears, size medium; pointed, well carried, not far apart ,. 

12. Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large 

Fore quarters: 

13. Shoulders, long, smooth with muscle, oblique, extending into back, muscled at 

withers 

14. Arm, short, thrown forward 

15. Forearm , muscled, long, wide 

16. Knees, clean, wide, straight, deep, strongly supported 

17. Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, set back 

18. Fetlocks, wide, straight 

19. Pasterns, strong, angle with ground 45 degrees 

20. Feet, size medium: even, straight; horn dense; frog large, elastic; bars strong; sole 

concave; heel wide, high 

21. Legs, viewed in front, a perpendicular line from the point of the shoulder should 

fall upon the center of the knee, cannon, pastern, and foot; from the side, a per- 
pendicular line dropping from the center of the elbow joint should fall upon the 

center of the knee and pastern joints and back of hoof 

Body: 

22. Chest, deep, low; girth large 

23. Ribs, long, sprung, close 

24. Back, straight, short, broad, muscled 

25. Loin, wide, short, thick 

26. Underline, long; flank let down 

Hind quarters: 

27. Hips, smooth, wide, level 

28. Croup, long, wide, muscular 

29. Tail, attached high, well carried ; 

30. Thighs, long, muscular, spread, open angled 

31. Quarters, heavily muscled, deep 

32. Gaskins (or lower thighs ) , long, wide, muscular 

33. Hocks, clearly defined, wide, straight 

34. Cannons, short, wide: sinews lame, set back 

35. Fetlocks, wide, straight 

36. Pasterns, strong, sloping 

37. Feet, size medium, even; straight; horn dense; frog large, elastic; bars strong; sole 
concave; heel wide, high 



Legs, viewed from behind, a perpendicular line from the point of the buttock 
should fall upon the center of the hock, cannon, pastern, and foot: from the side, 
a perpendicular line from the hip joint should fall upon the center of the foot and 
divide the gaskin in the middle; and a perpendicular line from the point of the 
buttock should run parallel with the line of the cannon 



39. Walk, elastic, quick, balanced 

40. Trot, rapid, straight, regular, high 



Perfect 

score. 



Kansas State Agricultural College. 

Same as Kentucky card for light horses. (See p. 15.) 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 
Agricultural and. Mechanical College of Kentucky. 



15 



Scale of points for gelding. 



Perfect 
score. 



Student'! 
score. 



General appearance: 

Form, symmetrical, smooth, stylish 

Quality' bone clean, Arm, indicating sufficient substance; tendons defined; hair 
and "skin fine 

Temperament, active, disposition kind 

Head and neck: 

Head, lean, straight 

Muzzle, tine; nostrils large: lips thin, even; teeth sound 

Eyes, full, bright, clear, large '. 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium, pointed, well carried, not far apart 

Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large 

Fore quarters: 

Shoulders, long, smooth with muscle, oblique, extending into back 

Arms, short, thrown forward 

Forearms, muscled, long, wide 

Knees, clean, wide, straight, deep, strongly supported 

Cannons, short, wide: sinews large, set back 

Fetlocks, wide, straight 

Pasterns, strong, angle with ground 45 degrees 

Feet, size medium, even, straight; horn dense; frog large, elastic; bars strong: 
sole concave; heel wide 

Legs, viewed in front, a perpendicular line from the point of the shoulder 
should fall upon the center of the knee, cannon, pastern, and foot: from the 
side, a perpendicular line dropping from the center of the elbow joint should 

fall upon the center of the knee and pastern joints and back of hoof 

Body: 

Withers, muscled, well finished at top 

Chest, deep, low; girth large 

Ribs, long, sprung, close 

Back, straight, short, broad, muscled 

Loin, wide, short, thick 

Underline, long; flank let down 

Hind quarters: 

H i ps. smooth , wide, level 

Croup, long, wide, muscular 

Tail, attached high, well carried 

Thighs, long, muscular, spread, open angled 

Quarters, heavily muscled, deep 

Gaskins (or lowe'r thighs), long, wide, muscular 

Hocks, clearly defined, wide, straight 

Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, setback 

Fetlocks, wide, straight 

Pasterns, strong, sloping 

Feet, size medium, even; straight; horn dense; frog large, elastic; bars strong: 
sole concave; heel wide, high 

Legs, viewed from behind, a perpendicular line from the point of the buttock 
should fall upon the center of the hock, cannon, pastern, and foot; from 
the side, a perpendicular line from the hip joint should fall upon the cen- 
ter of the foot and divide the gaskin in the middle: and a perpendicular line 
from the point of the buttock should run parallel with the line of the cannon 
Action: 

Walk, elastic, quick, balanced 

Trot, rapid, straight, regular, high 

Total 



16 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Maryland Agricultural College. 



f oints 


Perfect 
score. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 


,o pom s, 


General characters: 


1 
2 
1 
2 
4 
8 










































18 












Head and neck: 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 












































6 












Body: 


1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 












































7 












Extremities: 


3 
1 
1 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
1 
6 
2 
2 
4 

8 
6 














































































Fore feet, size medium, even; heel wide, high; frog good; bars 




















44 








Action, walk smooth, clean, active; t»ot rapid, straight, even, 


25 


| 








100 

















THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



17 



Massachusetts Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score, 



Points deficient. 



Student's 
score. 



A. Age 

B. General appearance: 

Weight, estimated pounds; actual pounds 

Height, 16 hands; estimated hands; actual hands 

Form, type, ; symmetrical, smooth, stylish 

Quality* bone clean, firm; tendon defined; hair and skin fine. 
Action, step smooth, long, active; trot rapid, straight, regular.. 
Temperament, active; disposition good 



Head and neck: 
Head, lean, straight 

Muzzle, fine; nostril large; lips thin, even; teeth sound 

Eyes, full, bright, clear, large 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium, pointed, well carried 

Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large . 



D. Fore quarters: 

Shoulder, long, smooth, oblique, extending into back 

Arm, short, thrown forward 

Forearm, muscled, long, wide 

Knees, clean, wide, straight, deep, strongly supported 

Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, set back 

Fetlocks, wide, straight 

Pasterns, strong, angle with ground 45 degrees 

Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; frog large; bars strong; 
sole concave; heel wide, high 



E. Body: 

Withers, muscled 

Chest, deep, low; girth large 

Ribs, long, sprung, close 

Back, straight, short, broad, muscled . 

Loins, wide, short, thick 

Underline, long flank let down 



Hind quarters: 

Hips, smooth, wide, level 

Croup, long, wide, muscular 

Tail, attached high, well carried 

Thighs, long, muscular, spread, open angled 

Quarters, heavily muscled, deep 

Gaskins (or lower thighs), long, wide, muscular 

Hocks, clearly defined, wide, straight 

Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, set back 

"Fetlocks, wide, straight 

Pasterns, st rong, sloping 

Feet, medium, even size; horn dense; frog large, elastic; bars 
strong; sole concave; heels wide, high 



Total , 

Estimated market value . 



1403— No. 61—04- 



18 



BURKAU- OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



College of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota. 



Scale of points for guiding. 



Perfect 

score. 



1. Age, 

iirin-ral appearance: 

2. Weight, 

3. Height, 

4. Form, symmetrical, smooth, stylish | 

5. Quality, bone clean, fine, yet indicating sufficient substance; tendons denned; hair 

and skin fine 

6. Temperament, active; disposition good 

Head and neck: 

7. Head, lean, straight 

8. Muzzle, fine: nostrils large; lips thin, even 

9. Eyes, full , bright, clear, large 

10. Forehead," broad, full 

11. Ears, size medium; pointed, well carried, not far apart 

12. Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine: windpipe large 

Fore quarters: 

13. Shoulders, long, smooth with muscle, oblique, extending into back, muscled at 

withers 

1 1. Arms, short, thrown forward 

15. Forearms, muscled, long, wide 

Hi. Knees, clean, wide, straight, deep, strongly supported 

17. Cannons, short, lean; tendons large, set back 

is. Fetlocks, wide, straight 

19. Pasterns, strong, angle with ground 45° 

20. Feet, size medium, even; straight; horn dense; frog large, elastic; bars strong; sole 

concave; heel wide, high, even 

21. Legs, viewed in front, a perpendicular line from the point of the shoulders should 

fall upon the center of the knee, cannon, pastern and foot; from the side, a per- 
pendicular line dropping from the center of the elbow joint should fall upon the 

center of the knee and pastern joints and back of hoof 

Body: 

S2. Withers, muscled, well linished at the top 

23. chest, deep, wide, low; girth large 

24. Ribs, long, sprung, close 

25. Back, straight, short, broad, muscled 



26. Loin, wide, short, thick 

27. Underline, long; flank let down 

Hind quarters: 

28. Hips, smooth, wide, level 

29. Croup, long, wide, muscular 

30. Tail, attached high, well carried 

31. Thighs, 1( »ng, muscular 

32. Quarters, heavily muscled, deep 

33. Gaskins (or lower thighs), long, wide, muscled 

34. Hocks, clean, wide, medium angle 

35. Cannons, short, wide; tendons large, set back 

36. Fetlocks, wide, strong 

37. Pasterns, sloping, strong 

38. Feet, size medium, even; straight; horn dense; frog large, elastic; bars strong; sole 

concave: heel wide, high 

39. Legs, viewed from behind, a perpendicular line from the point of the buttock should 

fall upon the center of the hock, cannon, pastern and foot; from the side, a per- 
pendicular line from the hip joint should fall upon the center of the foot and di- 
vide the gaskin in the middle; and a perpendicular line from the point of the 

buttock should run parallel with the line of the cannon 

Action: 

1(1. Walk, elastic, quick, balanced 

41. Trot, rapid, straight, regular, high 



Total . 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



19 



College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of the University of Missouri. 



Scale of points. 



Student's 
score. 



General appearance: 

Height, estimated hands ; actual hands 

Weight, estimated pounds; actual pounds 

Form, symmetrical, smooth, stylish 

Quality, bone clean, flat: tendons well defined; skin and hair 
fine 

Action, step smooth, quick, long; trot rapid, straight, regular, 
high 

Temperament, active; disposition kind 

Head and neck: 

Head, lean, straight; length two-fifths height of withers; width 
of forehead more than one-third length of head; depth of 
head one-half its length 

Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin, even 

Eyes, large, full, bright, clear 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; clean, fine, directed slightly forward, wide 
apart 

Neck, well muscled; crest high; throatlatch clean, fine; wind- 
pipe large 

Fore quarters: 

Shoulders, long, oblique, extending into back; point of shoul- 
der to point of withers equals length of head 

Arms, short, thrown forward 

Forearms, vertical, long, wide, well muscled 

Knees, clean cut, wide, straight, deep, strongly supported 

Cannons, vertical, short, lean, wide; tendons well detached 

Fetlocks, wide, clean, straight 

Pasterns, strong, sloping, angle with ground 45 degrees 

Feet, size round, even; horn dark colored, dense; sole concave; 
bars strong; frog large, elastic; heel wide, vertical, one-half 
length of toe 



Fore legs, viewed in front, a perpendicular line from the point of 
the shoulder should fall upon the center of the knee, cannon, 
pastern and foot; from the side a perpendicular line dropping 
from the center of the elbow joint should fall upon the center 

of the knee and pastern joints and back of hoof 

Body: 

Chest, deep, wide, more than half the height of horse 

Withers, clearly defined, well muscled 

Ribs, long, well sprung, wide apart 

Back, straight, short, broad, muscular 

Loins, wide, short, thick 

Flank, thin, low 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, smooth, wide, level 

Croup, long, wide, muscular, somewhat sloping 

Tail, attached high, long, full, fine, well carried 

Thighs, long, muscular; stifle diverted slightly outward 

Buttocks, heavily muscled, well descended 

Quarters, heavily muscled, deep 

Hock, clearly defined, wide, straight 

Cannons, short, wide , 

Fetlocks, wide, clean, straight 

Pastern, strong, sloping 

Feet, compared with above, more oval, more concave; heels 
higher; walls more vertical 

Hind legs, viewed from behind, a perpendicular line from the 
point of the buttock should fall upon the center of the hock, 
cannon, pastern and foot; from the side, a perpendicular line 
from the hip joint should fall upon the center of the foot and 
divide the lower thigh in the middle; and a perpendicular line 
from the point of the buttock should run parallel with the line 
of the cannon 



Total 



20 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



North Dakota Agricultural College. 





Perfect 
score. 


Points deficient. 


Scale of points for geldings. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 




2 
4 

8 
5 

1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
2 

1 
2 

2 
2 

1 

8 

3 
2 
2 
2 
1 

2 
2 
1 
2 
3 
2 
8 
2 

2 

6 
10 






General appearance: 




Height, 16 hands; estimated hands; actual hands 








Quality, bone clean, firm; tendons, defined; hair and skin fine .. 










Head and neck: 






























Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large 

Fore quarters: 














































Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; frog large; bars strong; 






Body: 






























Hind quarters: 






























Gaskins, (or lower thighs) long, wide, muscular 




























Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; frog large, elastic; bars 






Action, step smooth, long, active; trot rapid, straight, regular . . . 












100 





















THE SCORE CAED IN STOCK JUDGING. 



21 



The Pennsylvania State College. 



Scale of points. 



IVrfect 
score. 



Eyes, prominent, clear, intelligent, expressive 

Objections, sunken small, wild, vicious. 
Head, clean cut; face straight, wide between the eyes; ears medium size, 
quick; nostrils large, delicate, open; lower jaw clean, strong; muzzle 

fine 

Objections, thick, coarse, beefy, lacking character and quality; face 
dished, too full. 
Neck, symmetrical in length and proportions, graceful; full, arched at 

crest; clean cut at throttle 

Objections, too short; thick at throttle; low at crest. 

Shoulders, flat, strong; oblique, good width and depth 

Objections, narrow, too round, too upright. 

Chest, deep, full, expansive 

Objections, sunken, narrow, contracted behind elbows. 

Forearm, well formed, strong and muscular for high action 

Barrel, deep, moderately well rounded; ribs long, springy; loins strong; 

back short, strong 

Objections, length too great, light, sunken. 
Coupling, smooth, strong, full, close ribbed, extending evenly over the hips. 

Objections, long and loose, sunken loin or cut up too high in flank. 
Quarters, symmetrical, muscular, good length, not too sloping, smoothly 

joined to body 

Objections, short, steep. 

Tail, long, full, well set, carried high; quality fine 

Objections, set too low, straight, stiff. 

Stifles and gaskins, muscular, strong, flexible 

Hock, sound, clean, good width, strong, without too great an angle, free 

from meatiness 

Objections, narrow, thick, inclined to puff. 
Knees,neither sprung nor calf kneed, broad, straight, strong, relatively high. 

Objections, narrow, weak, crooked. 
Cannons, flat, broad, smooth, clean, fine quality yet with abundant sub- 
stance, moderately long 

Objections, short, round, cut in below the knee. 

sterns, strong, fair length, sound, clean, sloping 

Objections, too short and straight, too long and weak. 
Feet, medium height, straight, squarely set, free from contracted heels; 

soles and walls tough; frog full, elastic 

Objections, narrow, contracted, flat, crooked. 

Color, characteristic of breed 

Size, loi to 16 hands, well proportioned 

Coat and skin, hair fine, silky; skin soft, pliable 

Objections, coarse, hide bound, staring coat. 

Action, easy, elastic, straight, even, high, showy 

Objections, sluggish, ungainly, too low. 
Symmetry and style, well proportioned throughout; position of horse when 

standing and carriage when in motion attractive, showy, strong 

Objections, low headed, lacking in energy, finish, and quality. 

Total 



Note.— Under the head of "Objections" only a few of the most common are named. Other defects 
should be scored according to their importance. 



South Dakota Agricultural College. 

Same as Iowa card for light horses. (See p. 14.) 



22 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

The Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of Tennessee. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect Student 
score. score. 



A. General appearance: 

1. Weight, 900-1,100 pounds; age, ; color, 

2. Height, 16 hands: estimated, hands: actual, hands 

3. Conformation, symmetrical, smooth, stylish 

4. Quality, bone clean, firm: tendons defined; hair and skin fine 

5. Action, step smooth, long, active; trot rapid, straight, regular 

6. Temperament, active; disposition good 

B. Head and neck: 

7. Head, lean, straight 

8. Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin; corresponding teeth sound 

9. Eyes, full, bright, clear; eyelids oval 

10. Forehead, broad, full 

11. Ears, size medium; pointed, well carried 

12. Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlateh fine: windpipe large 

C. Fore quarters: 

13. Shoulder, long, smooth, oblique, extending into back 

14. Arm, short, thrown forward: forearm muscled, long, wide 

15. Knees, clean, wide, straight, deep, strongly supported; cannons short, 

wide: tendons large, set back 1 

16. Fetlocks, wide, straight; pasterns strong, angle with ground 45 degrees. 

17. Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; sole concave; bars strong; frog 

prominent, elastic; heels wide, high , 

D. Body: 

18. Withers, muscled 

19. Chest, deep, low; girth large 

20. Ribs, long, sprung, close 

21. Back, straight, short, broad, muscled 

22. L< )ius, wide, sin >rt, thick 

23. Underline, long; flank let down 

E. Hind quarters: 

24. Hips, smooth, wide, level; croup long, wide, muscular 

25. Tail, attached high, well carried 

26. Thighs, long, muscular, spread, open angled , 

27. Quarters, heavily muscled, deep 

28. Gaskin, long, wide, muscular 

29. Hocks, clearly defined, wide, straight; cannons short, wide; sinews 

large, set back 

30. Fetlocks, wide, straight: pasterns strong, sloping 

31. Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; frog prominent, elastic; bars strong; 

sole concave; heels wide, high 



Total. 



THE SCOKE CARD IJSf STOCK JUDGING. 



23 



Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. 



Scale of points. 
(Note.— The points as herein described are regarded as constituting 
perfection. The nature, extent, and importance of the defects pre- 
sented are thus made'apparent by contrast.) 



Perfect 
score, 
100. 



Points deficient. 



Student's Corrected 
score. score. 



1. Age, 

2. General appearance— 33 points: 

Weight, pounds; actual, pounds 

Height, 16 hands; estimated, hands; actual, hands 

Conformation, symmetrical, smooth, stylish 

Quality, bone clean, firm; tendons denned; hair and skin fine . 

Action, step smooth, long, active; trot rapid, straight, regular 

Temperament, active; disposition good 

3. Head and neck— 7 points: 

Head, lean, straight 

Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin, even; teeth sound 

Eyes, full, bright, clear, large 

Forehead, broad, low 

Ears, size medium; pointed, well carried 

Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large 



Shoulder, long, smooth, oblique, extending into back.' 

Arm, short, thrown forward 

Forearm, muscled, long, wide 

Knees, clean, wide, straight, deep, strongly supported 

Cannons, short, wide; sinews, large set back 

Fetlock, wide, straight 

Pasterns strong; angle with ground 45 degrees 

Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; bars strong; sole concave; 
heels wide, high 

5. Body— 10 points: 

Withers, muscled 

Chest, deep, low; girth large 

Ribs, long, sprung, close 

Back, straight, short, broad, muscled 

Loins, wide., short, thick : 

Underline, long; flank let down 

6. Hind quarters— 31 points: 

Hips, smooth, wide, level '. 

Croup, long, wide, muscular 

Tail, attached high, well carried 

Thighs, long, muscular, spread, open angled 

Quarters, heavily muscled, deep 

Gaskins (or lowe'r thighs), long, wide, muscular 

Hocks, clearly defined, wide, straight 

Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, set back 

Fetlocks, wide, straight 

Pasterns, strong, sloping 

Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; frog large; bars strong; 
sole concave; heels wide, high 



Total . 



24 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Agricultural College of Utah. 



Scale of points. 



Stand- 
ard. 



Student's. Corrected. 



General appearance: 

Age, as indicated by teeth, 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds 

Height, 16 hands; estimated, hands; actual, hands 

Form, type, , symmetrical, smooth, stylish 

Quality, bone clean, firm; tendons denned: hair and skin fine. 

Action, step smooth, long, active; trot rapid, straight, regular. 

Temperament, active; disposition good 

Head and neck: 

Head, lean; face straight, wide between the eyes 

Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin, even; teeth sound 

Eves, full, bright, clear, large 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; pointed, well carried 

Neck, muscled, symmetrical; crest high; throttle clean, fine; 



Fore quarters: 

Shoulders, long, smooth, oblique, extending into back 

Arm, short, thrown forward 

Fore arm, muscled, long, wide 

Knees, clean, wide in front, straight, deep, strongly supported. 

Cannons, short, wide on the side; sinews large, set back 

Fetlock, wide, straight 

Pasterns, strong, fair length, sound, angle with the ground 45 

degrees 

Feet, size medium, even; straight, squarely set; horn dense; 

frog large; bars strong; sole concave; heel wide, high... , 

Body: 

Withers, muscled 

Chest, deep, low; fdrth large, feet, inches 

Ribs, long, sprun.tr, close 

Back, straight, short, broad, muscled 

Loins, wide, short, thick 

Underline, long; flank let down 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, smooth, wide, level 

Croup, long, wide, muscular 

Tail, attached high, well carried 

Thighs, long, muscular, spread, open angled 

Quarters, heavily muscled, deep, broad 

Gaskins (or lower thighs), Ions, wide, muscular 

Hocks, clearly defined, wide from side and in front, muscular, 

not too great an angle 

Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, set back 

Fetlocks, wide, straight 

Pasterns, strong, sloping 

Feet, medium, even size: horn dense: frog large, elastic; bars 

strong; sole concave; heels wide, high 

Total 

Estimated market value 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



25 



Agricultural College of the University of Wisconsin. 



Scale of points. 



Points deficient. 



Student's 
score. 



Age, 

General appearance— 28 points: 

Weight, pounds; actual pounds 

Height, estimated, hands; actual, hands 

Form, type ■ ; symmetrical, smooth, stylish 

Quality, bone clean, fine; tendons well defined; hair and skin 
fine 

Action, step smooth, long, active; trot rapid, straight, regular.. 

Temperament, active: disposition good 

Head and neck— 11 points: 

Head, not too large, features well defined, regular 

Muzzle, fine; nostrils large, flexible; lips thin, even 

Eyes, full, bright, clear, large 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; pointed, well carried 

Lower jaw, angles wide; space clean 

Neck, muscled, arched; throatlatch fine; windpipe large 

Fore quarters — 20 points: 

Shoulder, long, smooth, oblique, extending into back 

Arm, short, well .muscled, thrown forward, well under the 
body 

Forearm, well muscled, long, wide 

Knees, clean, wide, straight, deep, strongly supported 

Cannons, short, clean; tendons large, hard, set well back 

Fetlocks, wide, straight, square 

Pasterns, strong, lengthy, angle with ground 45 degrees 

Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; frog large; bars strong; 

sole concave; heel wide, not low 

Body— 10 points: 

Withers, high, extending well back 

Chest, deep, low; girth large 

Ribs, deep, well sprung, close 

Back, straight, short, broad, well muscled 

Loins, wide, short, thick 

Underline, long; flank narrow above, let well down 

Hind quarters— 31 points: 

Hips, smooth, wide, level 

Croup, long, wide, muscular, not drooping 

Tail, attached high, well carried 

Thighs, muscular, spread, open angled 

Stifles, well muscled , 

Gaskins (or lower thighs), long, broad, muscular 

Hocks, clearly defined, wide, straight, deep 

Cannons, short, wide; tendons, large, hard, set well back 

Fetlocks, wide, straight, square. 



Pasterns, strong, oblique, springy 

Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; frog large, elastic; bars 
strong; sole concave; heels wide 

Total 

KM i ma led market value 



26 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



DRAFT HORSES. 
The State Agricultural College of Colorado. 





Perfect 
score. 


Parts deficient. 


Scale of points for gelding. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 


A e 








General appearance: 








Weight, over 1,500 pounds; estimated - — pounds; score accord- 


4 
4 

4 
4 

1 
1 












Quality, bone smooth, hard; tendons lean; skin and hair fine ... 










Head and neck: 


















Forehead, broad, full . . 


1 








1 

2 

1 
2 
2 

1 
3 

8 

4 

2 

2 
2 

1 

2 
1 

2 

8 
2 

1 

6 

4 

6 
4 












Fore quarters: 


















Knees, wide, clean cut, straight, deep, strongly supported 






















Feet, size large, even; horn dense; sole concave; bars strong; 
frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of toe and verti- 






Legs, viewed in front, a perpendicular line from the point of the 
shoulder should fall upon the center of the knee, cannon, pas- 
tern, and foot: from the side, a perpendicular line dropping 
from the center of the elbow joint should fall upon the center 






Body: 






























Hind quarters: 












Tail, attached hisdi, well carried. ... 






Thighs, muscular 






Quarters, deep, heavily muscled 




































Feet, size large, even; horn dense; dark color; sole concave; 
bars strong; frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of 






Legs, viewed from behind, a perpendicular line from the point 
of the buttock should fall upon the center of the hock, cannon, 
pastern, and foot; from the side, a perpendicular line from the 
hip joint should fall upon the center of the foot and divide the 
gaskin in the middle, and a perpendicular line from the point 
of the buttock should run parallel with the line of the cannon. 
Action: 






















Total 


100 













THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



27 



College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Student's 
score. 



Age, estimated, ; actual, 

General appearance— 22 points: 

1. Height, estimated, hands; actual, hands 

2. Weight, over 1,600 pounds; estimated, pounds; actual, 

pounds; score according to age ■. 

3. Form, broad, massive, proportioned 

4. Quality, bone smooth, hard; tendons lean; skin and hair fine. 

5. Temperament, energetic ; disposition good 

Head and neck— 8 points: 

6. Head, lean; size medium 

7. Muzzle, fine; nostril large; lips thin, even 

8. Eyes, large, full, bright, clear 

9. Forehead, broad, full 

10. Ears, size medium: well carried 

11. Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large. 
Fore quarters — 22 points: 

12. Shoulders, sloping, smooth, snug, extending into back 

13. Arm, short. 

14. Forearm, heavily muscled, long, wide 

15. Knees, wide, clean cut, straight, deep, strongly supported 

16. Cannons, short, lean, wide; sinews large, set back 

17. Pasterns, moderately sloping, medium length, strong; fet- 

locks wide, straight 

18. Feet, size large, even; horn dense; sole concave; bars strong; 

frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of toe and 
vertical to ground 

19. Legs, viewed in front, a perpendicular line from the point of 

the shoulder should fall upon the center of the knee, can- 
non, pastern, and foot; from the side, a perpendicular line 
dropping from the center of the elbow joint should fall 
upon the center of the knee and pastern joints and back of 

hoof , 

Body— 9- points: 

20. Chest, deep, wide, low; girth large 

21. Ribs, long, close, sprung 

22. Back, straight, short, broad, muscular 

23. Loins, wide, short, thick, straight 

24. Underline, flank low 

Hind quarters— 29 points: 

25. Hips, smooth, wide 

26. Croup, long, wide, muscular 

27. Tail, attached high, well carried ". 

28. Quarters, deep, heavily muscled, thighs muscular 

29. Gaskins (or lower thighs), wide, well muscled 

30. Hocks, clean cut, wide, straight 

31. Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, set back 

32. Pasterns, moderately sloping, strong, medium length; fet- 

locks wide, straight 

33. Feet, size large, even; horn dense; sole concave; bars strong; 

frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of toe and 
vertical to ground 

34. Legs, viewed from behind, a perpendicular line from the 

point of the buttock should fall upon the center of the hock, 
cannon, pastern, and foot; from the side, a perpendicular 
line from the hip joint should fall upon the center of the foot 
and divide the gaskin in the middle; and a perpendicular 
line from the point of the buttock should run parallel Avith 

the line of the cannon 

Action— 10 points: 

35. Walk, smooth, quick, long, balanced 

36. Trot, rapid, straight 



Total 



28 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



School of Agriculture of Purdue University. 

Same as the Illinois card (seep. 27) for draft horses, with the following exceptions: Under arm, 
read "short, thrown back;" under pastern, read "sloping, lengthy, strong; fetlocks wide, straight;" 
under gaskins, read "wide, muscled;" under hind pasterns, read "sloping, lengthy; fetlocks wide, 
straight;" underaction, read "trot rapid, straight, regular." 

Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points for gelding. 



Perfect 
score. 



1. Age 

General appearance: 

2. Height hands 

3. Weight, over 1,500 pounds, pounds; score according to age 

4. Form, broad, massive, low set, proportioned 

5. Quality, bone clean, yet indicating sufficient substance; tendons distinct; skin and 

hair fine 

6. Temperament, energetic; disposition good 

Head and neck: 

7. Head, lean: size medium 

8. Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin, even 

9. Eves, full, bright, clear, large 

10. Forehead, broad, fall 

11. Ears, size medium ; well carried 

12. Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large 

Fore quarters: 

13. Shoulders, sloping, smooth, snug, extending into back 

14. Arm, short, thrown forward 

15. Forearm, heavily muscled, long, wide 

16. Knees, wide, clean cut, straight, deep, strongly supported 

17. Cannons, short, lean, wide; sinews large, set back 

18. Fetlocks, wide, straight, strong 

19. Pasterns, sloping, lengthy, strong 

20. Feet, size large, even; straight; horn dense; color dark; sole concave; bars strong; 

frog large, elastic; heel wide, high, one-half length of toe 

21. Less, viewed in front, a perpendicular line from the point of the shoulder should 

fall upon the center of the knee, cannon, pastern, and foot; from the side, a 
perpendicular line dropping from the center of the elbow joint should fall upon 

the center of the knee and pastern joints and back of hoof 

Body: 

22. Chest, deep, wide, low; girth large 

23. Ribs, long, close, sprung 

24. Back, straight, short, broad 

25. Loin, wide, short, thick, straight 

26. Underline, flank, low 

Hind quarters: 

27. Hips, smooth, wide 

28. Croup, long, wide, muscular 

29. Tail, attached high, well carried 

30. Thighs, muscular 

31. Quarters, deep, heavily muscled 

32. Gaskins (or lower thighs), wide, muscled 

33. Hocks, clean cut, wide, straight 

34. Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, set back 

35. Fetlocks, wide, straight, strong 

36. Pasterns, sloping, strong, lengthy 

37. Feet, size large, even; straight; horn dense, color dark; sole concave; bars strong; 

frog large, elastic; heel wide, high, one-half length of toe 

38. Less, viewed from behind, a perpendicular line from the point of the buttock should 

fall upon the center of the hock, cannon, pastern, and foot; from the side, a per- 
pendicular line from the hip joint should fall upon the center of the foot and 
divide the gaskin in the middle; and a perpendicular line from the point of the 

buttock should run parallel with the line of the cannon 

Action : 

39. Walk, smooth, quick, long, balanced 

40. Trot, rapid, straight, regular 

Total 



Kansas State Agricultural College. 



Same as the Colorado card i see p. 26), with the omission of 
of the term "muscular" under "back." 



age" and "height" and the omission 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



29 



Maryland Agricultural College. 



Scale of points for (sex) . 



Perfect; Student's 
score. score. 



General characters: 

Age, student's estimate, ; corrected, , 

Height, estimated, hands: actual, hands 

Weight, 1,500 pounds or over; estimated at pounds . 

Form, broad, massive, proportioned 

Quality, bones smooth, hard; tendons lean; skin fine... 
Temperament, energetic ; disposition good 



Head and neck: 

Head, lean, shapely; size medium 

Muzzle, fine; nostril large, lips thin, even 

Eyes, full, bright, clear 

Forehead, broad, full, flat 

Ears, size medium; carried well 

Neck, muscled; crest high; windpipe large; throatlatch fine 



Chest, deep, wide, low: girth large 

Ribs, long, clore, sprung 

Back, straight, short, broad, muscular. 

Loins, wide, short, thick, straight 

Underline, flank low 



Extremities: 

Shoulder, sloping, smooth, snug, extending into back 

Arm, short, thrown back 

Forearm, heavily muscled, long, wide 

Knees, wide, clean cut, straight, deep, strongly supported . 

Hips, smooth, wide, level 

Croup, wide, muscular, level 

Thighs, muscular 

Quarters, deep, heavily muscled 

Gaskins, wide, muscled 

Hocks, clear cut, wide, straight 

Cannon, short, wide; sinews large, set back 

Fetlocks, wide, straight, strong 

Pasterns, sloping, strong, medium 

Forefeet, size large, even; concave; heels wide; frog large . 
Hind feet, large, even size; heels wide; frogs large 




Action, step smooth, elastic, even, long, quick; trot straight, 
regular 



30 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Massachusetts Agricultural College. 





Perfect 
score. 


Points deficient. 


Scale of points for gelding. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 








General appearance: 

Height, estimated, hands; actual, hands 

Weight, over 1,500 pounds; estimated. pounds; score accord- 


G 
4 















6 
5 




















21 












Head and neck: 


1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 






























Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large 












6 










Fore quarters: 


3 
1 
2 


















Knees, wide, clean cut, straight, deep, strongly supported 


2 
2 
1 
3 

8 






















Feet, size large, even; horn dense; sole concave; bars strong; 
frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of toe and verti- 














22 












Body: 


2 

2 
2 
2 
1 






























9 








Hind quarters: 








3 
2 

4 
2 
8 
2 
1 
































Feet, size large, even; horn dense, color dark; sole concave; bars 
strong; frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of toe and 




Action, step smooth, quick, long; trot rapid, straight, regular 


10 







THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



31 



Michigan State Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 



Student's 
estimate. 



General appearance: 

Age, as indicated by teeth 

Height, estimated, hands; actual, hands . . 

Weight, 1,500 pounds and above 

Form, low, square, massive 

Quality, bone clean, hard; skin lying close to bone i 

hair fine '. 

Temperament, docile, energetic, but not nervous . . 



id and neck: 

Head, medium size, lean, intelligent 

Muzzle, fine; nostrils wide, open; lips thin, even 

Eyes, prominent, bright, clear .' 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, rather short, but pointed, well carried 

Neck, inclined to be short, deep at junction with body; crest 
high; mane good 



Fore quarter: 

Shoulder, smooth, moderately upright, muscles covering blade 

well developed 

Arm, short, well muscled 

Knees, wide, deep, straight, strong 

Cannons, short, flat, lean; sinews large 

Pasterns, short, strong 

Feet, not flat, large; horn dense; frog well developed, elastic; 

heels wide, full, round ' 



Body: 

Chest, deep, broad, full; girth large 

Back, straight, short, well muscled 

Loins, wide, short 

Ribs, well sprung, making round barrel . 



Hind quarters: 

Hips, smooth, wide apart 

Croup, well muscled, wide 

Tail, well carried, attached high 

Thighs, full, muscular, thick through the hams. 

Quarters, deep, thoroughly muscled 

Gaskins, wide, muscles outstanding 

Hocks, short, flat; sinews prominent 



Pasterns, short, strong 

Feet, not flat, large; horn dense; frog well developed, elastic; 

heels wide, full, round 

Action, step smooth, straight, quick, moderately long 



32 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

College of Agriculture of the "University of Minnesota. 



Scale of points for gelding. 



Perfect 
score. 



1. Age 

Genera] appearance: 

2. Height 

3. Weight, over 1,500 pounds; estimated, pounds; score according to age 

4. Form, broad, massive, proportioned 

5. Quality, bone clean, fine, yet indicating sufficient substance; tendons lean; skin and 

hair tine 

6. Temperament, energetic; disposition good 

Head and neck: 

7. Head, lean; size medium 

8. Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin, even 

9. Eyes, full, bright, clear, large 

10. Forehead, broad, full 

11. Ears, size medium: well carried 

12. Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large 

Fore quarters: 

13. Shoulders, moderately sloping, smooth, snug 

14. Arm, short, thrown forward 

15. Forearm, heavily muscled, long, wide 

16. Knees, wide, clean cut, straight, deep, strongly supported 

17. Cannons, short, wide: tendons large, set back 

18. Fetlocks, wide, straight, strong 

19. Pastern, sloping, lengthy, strong 

20. Feet, size large, even; straight; horn dense; sole concave; bars strong; frog large, 

elastic; heels wide, high, even 

21. Legs, viewed in front, a perpendicular line from the point of the shoulder should 

fall upon the center of the knee, cannon, pastern, and foot; from the side a per- 
pendicular line dropping from the center of the elbow joint should fall upon the 

center of the knee and pastern joints and back of hoof 

Body: 

22. Chest, deep, wide, low; girth large 

23. Ribs, long, sprung, close 

24. Back, straight, short, broad 

25. Loin, wide, short, thick, straight 

26. Underline, flank low , 

Hind quarters: 

27. Hips, smooth, wide 

28. Croup, long, wide, muscular 

29. Tail , attached high , well carried 

30. Thighs, muscular 

31. Quarters, deep, heavily muscled , 

32. Gaskins (or lower thighs), wide, muscled , 

33. Hocks, clean cut, wide, straight , 

34. Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, set back 

35. Fetlocks, wide, straight, strong , 

36. Pasterns, sloping, strong, lengthy , 

37. Feet, size large, even; straight; horn dense; color dark; sole concave; bars strong; 

frog large, elastic; heel wide, high, one-half length of toe , 

38. Legs, viewed fn mi behind, a perpendicular line from the point of the buttock should 

fall upon the center of the hock, cannon, pastern, and foot; from the side, a per- 
pendicular line from the hip joint should fall upon the center of the foot and di- 
vide the gaskin in the middle; and a perpendicular line from the point of the but- 
tock should run parallel with the line of the cannon 

Action: 

39. Walk, smooth, quick, long, balanced , 

40. Trot, rapid, free, straight, regular 



Total 



THE SCOEE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



33 



College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, University of Missouri. 



Scale of points. 


Perfect 
score. 


Students' 
score. 


Corrected. 


General appearance: 








Weight, over 1,500 pounds; estimated, pounds; actual, 


6 












Quality— bone clean, flat; tendons lean; skin and hair fine 


4 
4 

10 

2 
1 

2 
1 

1 

1 
2 

2 
1 





Action— step smooth, quick, long, balanced; trot rapid, straight, 






Head and neck: 




























Neck, well muscled, crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large. 
Fore quarters: 

Shoulders, only slightly sloping, smooth, extending into back ... 






































Pasterns, sloping, strong, thick; angle with ground 45 degrees ... 

Feet, round; size large, even; horn dense; sole concave; bars 
strong; frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of toe 

Fore legs, viewed in front, a perpendicular line from the point 
of the shoulder should fall upon the center of the knee, can- 
non, pastern, and foot; from the side a perpendicular line 
dropping from the center of the elbow joint should fall upon 
the center of the knee and pastern joints and back of hoof 










1 

3 
1 
2 

2 

1 
2 

4 
1 

4 
4 








































Hind quarters: 




























































Hind feet, compared with forefeet, more oval, more concave; 






Hind legs, viewed from behind, a perpendicular line from the 
point of the buttock should fall upon the center of the hock, 
cannon, pastern, and foot; from the side, a perpendicular line 
from the hip joint should fall upon the center of the foot and 
divide the lower thigh in the middle, and a perpendicular line 
from the point of the buttock should run parallel to the line 














100 













1403— No. 61—04- 



34 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



North Dakota Agricultural College. 



Scale of points for gelding, a 



Points deficient. 
Perfect 

score. Student's 



Age, 

General appearance: 

Height, estimated, ; actual, 

Weight, over 1,500 pounds; estimated, pounds; score accord- 
ing to age 

Form, broad, massive, proportioned 

Quality, bone smooth/hard; tendons lean; hair and skin fine. . . 

Temperament, energetic; disposition good 

Head and neck: 

Head, lean; size medium 

Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin, even 

Eyes, full, bright, clear 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; well carried 

Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large 

Fore quarters: 

Shoulder, sloping, smooth, snug, extending into back 

Arm, short, thrown back 

Forearm, heavily muscled, long, wide 

Knees, wide, clean-cut, straight, deep, strongly supported 

Cannons, short, lean, wide; sinews large, set back 

Fetlocks, wide, straight, strong 

Pasterns, sloping, lengthy, strong 

Feet, size large, even; horn dense; sole concave: bars strong; 
frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of toe and ver- 
tical to ground 

Body: 

Chest, deep, wide, low; girth large 

Ribs, long, sprung, close : 

Back, straight, short, broad, muscular 

Loins, wide, short, thick, straight 

Underline, flank low 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, smooth, wide 

Croup, wide, muscular 

Tail, attached high, well carried 

Thighs, muscular 

Quarters, heavily muscled, deep ; 

Gaskins (or lower thighs), wide, muscled 

Hocks, clear cut, wide, straight 

Cannons, short, wide; sinews large, set back 

Fetlocks, wide, straight, strong 

Pasterns, sloping, strong, lengthy , 

Feet, size large, even; horn dense; color dark; sole concave; 
bars strong; frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of 
toe and vertical to ground 

Action, step smooth, quick, long; trot rapid, straight, regular 

Total 

Estimated market value 



"After Craig. 



Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. 



Same as the Colorado card (see p. 26) for draft horses, with the omission of "age" and "height" 
and the omission of the term "muscular" under "back." There are also some slight changes in 
phraseology. 



THE SCOBE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 
Pennsylvania State College. 



35 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score, j 



E yes, prominent, clear, intelligent, expressive 

Objections, small, sunken, vicious, wild. 
Head, clean cut; face straight, wide between the eyes; ears of fair size 
but not sluggish; nostrils large, open; lower jaw strong, clean; lips 

tine, firm 

Objections, narrow, thick, beefy, dish face." 
Neck, symmetrical in length and proportions, strong; full at crest; clean 

cut^at throttle 

Objections, too short, thick; low at crest. 
Shoulders, well rounded, muscular, moderately sloping: strong at base; 

well finished at withers 

Objections, lacking in muscle, too upright. 

Chest, deep, full, prominent, with good width 

Objections, narrow, sunken. 

Forearm, well formed, well joined, strong, muscular 

Barrel, round, with well sprung ribs and full heart girth; back short, 

strong 

Objections, narrow, ribs too straight. 
Coupling, smooth, strong, full, close ribbed, extending evenly over the 

point of the hips 

Objections, loose; sunken loin, high flank. 
Quarters, symmetrical, medium length and width, not too sloping, well 

rounded, muscular 

Objections, narrow, too short, too steep. 

Tail, full, well set, fine in quality 

Objections, coarse, stiff. 

Stifles and gaskins, muscular, full, short, strong 

Objections, lacking in muscle. 
Hock, sound, wide, strong, without too great an angle and free from 

rneatiness 

Objections, narrow, puffed, meaty. 

Knees, neither sprung nor calf kneed, broad, straight, strong 

Objections, narrow, weak, crooked. 
Cannons, short, flat, broad, smooth, fine quality, yet with abundant 

substance 

Objections, round, spongy, deficient in size. 

Pasterns, strong, medium length, sound, clean, sloping 

Objections, too short, stiff. 
Feet, medium height, good size, round, straight, squarely set, free from 

contracted heels; soles and walls tough; frog full elastic 

Objections, flat, shelly; narrow, contracted. 

Color, characteristic of breed — 

Size, fifteen-three to sixteen-three hands and weight proportional 

Coat and skin: skin soft, pliable; hair fine, silky 

Objections, coarse, shaggy; hide unyielding. 

Action, strong, elastic, straight, even, vigorous 

Objections, low headed, awkward, sluggish. 
Symmetry and style, well proportioned; position of horse when standing 
and carriage when in motion, easy, graceful, strong 

Total. 



Note. — Under the head of " Objections" only a few of the most common are named. Other defects 
should be scored according to their importance. 



South Dakota Agricultural College. 

Same as the Iowa card (see p. 28) for draft horses, with the exception that under form the term 
'low set" is omitted. 



36 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



The State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of 
Tennessee. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Student's 
score. 



A. General appearance: 

1. Weight, 1,500 pounds or over; age, ; color, 

2. Height, 14 hands and up; estimated,- -hands; actual, hands 

3. Conformation, broad, massive, proportioned 

4. Quality, bone smooth; tendons well denned; skin and hair tine 

5. Action, step smooth, long, active; trot rapid, straight, regular 

6. Temperament, energetic; disposition good 

B. Head and neck: 

7. Head, well defined; size medium 

8. Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin, corresponding 

9. Eyes, full, bright, clear; eyelids oval 

10. Forehead, broad, full 

11. Ears, size medium; well carried 

12. Neck, muscled; crest high; throatlatch fine; windpipe large 

C. Fore quarters: 

13. Shoulder, long, smooth, oblique, extending into back 

14. Arm, short, muscled, thrown downward and backward; forearm well 

muscled, long, wide 

15. Knees, clean, wide, straight, deep, strongly supported; cannons short, 

wide; tendons large, set back 

16. Fetlocks, wide, straight , strong; pasterns, strong, sloping 

17. Feet, size medium, even; horn dense: sole concave; bars strong; frog 

prominent, elastic; heels wide 

D. Body: 

IS. Withers, well muscled 

19. Chest, deep, wide, low; girth large 

20. Ribs, long, sprung, close 

21. Back, straight, short, broad, muscled 

22. Loins, wide, short, thick 

23. Underline, long; flank let down 

E. Hind quarters: 

24. Hips, smooth, wide, level; croup, long, wide, muscular 

25. Tail, attached high, well carried 

26. Thighs, long, muscular 

27. Quarters, heavily muscled, deep 

28. Gaskin.wide, muscled 

29. Hock, well defined, wide, straight; cannons, short, wide; tendons set back. 

30. Fetlocks, wide, straight; pasterns, strong, sloping, defined 

31. Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; frog prominent, elastic; barsstrong, 

sole concave; heels high, wide 



Total. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



37 



Utah. Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 



Stand- 
ard. 



General appearance: 

Age, as indicated by teeth 

Height, estimated, hands; actual, - 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; score ac- 
cording to age 

Form and symmetry, broad, massive, proportioned , 

Quality, bone smooth, hard; tendons, lean; skin lying close to 
bone' and tendons; hair fine , 

Color, characteristic of the breed 

Action, step smooth, quick, long; walk' fast; trot rapid, 
straight, regular 

Temperament, energetic; disposition good 

Head and neck: 

Head, size medium; broad between the eyes, lean 

Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin, even 

Eyes, full, bright, clear, intelligent .' 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, medium size, well carried 

Neck, muscled; crest high; throat clean, fine; windpipe large. 
Fore quarters: 

Shoulders, sloping moderately, smooth, snug, extending into 
back 

Arm, short, carried back 

Forearm, heavily muscled, long, wide 

Knees, wide, clean cut, straight, deep, strongly supported 

Cannons, short, lean, wide; sinews large, set back 

Fetlock, wide, clean, strong, straight 

Pasterns, sloping; strong; length, medium 

Feet, size large, even; dark colored; horn dense; sole concave; 

bars strong; frog large, elastic; heel wide, full, vertical 

Body: 

Chest, deep, wide, low; girth large 

Ribs, long, close, well sprung, making round barrel 

Back, straight, short, broad, muscular 

Loins, wide, short, thick, level 

Underline, flank low '. 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, smooth, wide 

Croup, wide, muscular 

Tail, attached medium high, well carried 

Thighs, full, muscular, thick through hams 

Quarters, deep, heavily muscled 

Gaskins (or lower thighs), wide, muscled, well down 

Hocks, large, bony, clean cut, broad, thick; lower inside bound- 
ary not abrupt 

Cannons, upright, wide, short; tendons large, strong, set back. 

Fetlocks, wide, straight, strong 

Pasterns, sloping, strong, medium length 

Feet, size large, even; horn dense, dark colored; sole concave; 
bars strong; frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of 
toe and vertical to the ground 

Total 

Estimated market value 



38 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY 



College of Agriculture of the University of Wisconsin. 





Possible 
score. 


Points deficient. 


Scale of points. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 










General appearance— 29 points: 








Weight, over 1,500 pounds; estimated, pounds; score ac- 


6 
4 












Quality, bone clean, strong; tendons lean, well denned; skin 


6 

10 
3 

1 
1 
1 






Action, step smooth, quick, long: trot rapid, straight, regular . 










Head and neck — 8 points: 
























1 

3 

1 

2 

1 
3 

8 

2 

1 

3 

4 
2 

2 

1 

6 




Fore quarters — 22 points: 

Shoulder, slightly sloping, smooth, snug, extending into back . 






































Feet, size large, even; horn dense; sole concave; bars strong: 
frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length of toe and 






Body— 9 points: 






























Hind quarters— ;V2 points: 
















































Feet, size large, even; horn dense; color dark; sole concave; 
bars strong; frog large, elastic; heel wide, one-half length 












Total 


100 








'•"'!"" 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



39 



MULES. 

State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of Tennessee. 



Scale of points. 



A. General appearance: 

1. Weight, 900-1,200 pounds; age, ; color, 

2. Height, 14 hands and up; estimated, hands; actual, ■ hands 

3. Conformation, symmetrical , smooth 

4. Quality, bones clean; tendons defined; skin and hair fine 

5. Action, step smooth, long, active; trot rapid, straight, regular 

6. Temperament, energetic; good disposition 

B. Head and neck: 

7. Head, well defined; size medium 

8. Muzzle, fine; nostrils large; lips thin and corresponding 

9. Eves, full, bright, clear 

10. Forehead, flat, broad, full 

11. Ears, large, well carried, tapering 

12. Neck, muscled, crested; throatlatch defined; windpipe large 

C. Fore quarters: 

13. Shoulder, long, sloping, well muscled 

14. Arm, short, muscled, thrown well forward and backward; forearm well 

muscled, long, wide 

15. Knees, wide, clean, straight, deep, well supported; cannons short, wide; 

tendons well defined 

16.. Fetlocks, wide, straight, strong; pasterns short, clean, straight, angle 
with ground 45 degrees 

17. Feet, size medium, even; horn dense; sole concave; bars strong; frog 

prominent, elastic; heel wide, high 

18. Withers, smooth, well muscled, continuous with neck and back 

D. Body: 

19. Chest, deep, low; girth large 



20. Ribs, long, sprung, close . 

21. Back, straight, short, well muscled 

22. Loins, wide, short, thick 

23. Underline, long; flank low 

Hind quarters: 

24. Hip, smooth, wide, level; croup wide, muscular 

25. Tail, attached high, well carried 

26. Thighs, long, well muscled, open angled 

27. Quarters, heavily muscled, deep 

28. Gaskin, wide, muscled 

29. Hocks, wide, well defined, strongly supported, straight; cannons short, 

wide; tendons set back 

30. Fetlocks, wide, straight; pasterns, short, angle with ground 55 degrees.. 

31. Feet, medium size, even; horn dense; frog prominent, elastic; bars strong; 

sole concave; heel high, wide 



40 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
BEEF CATTLE. 



A- 



<* // 



=3 r 



K. /zjy& U—S....X 4/y-. r ....\ 



/J!-i 

2/'- 



'<?■ 



30. 



/# 



~zo. 



to. 



Fig. 2.— Points of beef cattle, side view. 



1. Muzzle. 


13. Dewlap. 


23. Crops. 


31. Hip, point of hip 


2. Mouth. 


14. Top of neck, or crest. 


25. Ribs, or barrel. 


hook, or hook bone 


3. Nostril. 


16. Top of shoulder. 


26. Fore flank. 


32. Rump. 


7. Eye. 


17. Shoulder. 


27. Back, or chine 


33. Tailhead. 


8. Ear. 


18. Point of shoulder. 


28. Loin. 


35. Buttocks. 


9. Poll. 


19. Arm. 


29. Hind flank. 


36. Thigh. 
)t- 38. Hock. 


10. Horn. 


20. Shank. 


30. Underline, or b< 


11. Neck. 


21. Brisket. 


torn line. 


40. Navel. 


12. Throat. 


22. Topline. 








/•-' 




Points of beef cattle, front and rear views. 



4. Lips. 


15. Neck vein, or shoul- 


21. Brisket. 


35. Buttocks 


5. Face. 


der vein. 


24. Girth. 


37. Twist. 


6. Forehead. 


18. Point of shoulder. 


34. Pin bones. 


39. Purse. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



41 



Alabama Polytechnic Institute. 



Scale of points. 



Judge's 
score. 



General appearance: 

Weight, score according to age 

Form, straight, deep, broad, low set, stylish; top and underline 

parallel 

Quality, firm handling; hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; 

evenly fleshed 

Condition, deep, even covering of firm flesh, especially in 

region of valuable cuts 

Objections, undersize; unequal development; too fine bone; 

patch iness. 
Head and neck: 

Muzzle, broad, moist; mouth large; jaw wide; nostrils large... 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short, quiet, expressive 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Horns, oval; texture fine; size medium 

Neck, short, thick ; chest clean 

Objections, coarse or slim head. 
Fore quarters: 

Shoulder vein, full, meeting shoulders well 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, medium broad above 

Brisket, advanced; breast wide 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

Objections, coarse or high shoulder points; narrow breast. 
Body: 

Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full 

Ribs, long, arched, thickly fleshed 

Back, broad, straight, smooth, even 

Loin, thick, broad 

Flank, full, even with underline 

Objections, narrow, shallow chest; thin loin; flat ribs; narrow 

back. 
Hind quarters: 

Hips, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion to other 

parts 

Rump, long, wide, even; tailhead smooth, not patchy 

Pin bones, not prominent, far apart 

Thighs, full, deep, wide 

Twist, full, deep, plump 

Purse, full, indicating fleshiness 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

Total 



42 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



The State Agricultural College of Colorado. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



General appearance: 

Weight, score according to age 

Form, topline and underline straight, deep, broad, low set, stylish 

Quality, firm handling; hairline: skin pliable: bone dense: evenly fleshed 

Condition, deep, even covering of firm flesh, especially in regions of valhablc cuts. 
Head and neck: 

Muzzle, broad: mouth large: jaw wide; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short ; ex pressit in quiet 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture line 

I buns, oval; texture tine; size medium 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Fore qua rters; 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, smooth 

Brisket, advanced: breast wide 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank line, smooth 

body: 

Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full 

Ribs, long, arched, thickly fleshed 

Hack, broad, straight, smooth, even 

Loin, thick, broad 

Flank, full, even with underline 



thU- 



mp: 
Run 
bin 
Thighs, full, deep, wide 

Twist, deep, plump 

Purse, full, indicating fleshiness 

begs, Straight, Short; shank line, smooth 



; distance apart in proportion with other parts 

i; tail head smooth, not patchy 

nt, far apart 



Total . 



College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois 
Scale of points. 



(ieneral appearance — ll) points: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; accord- 
ing to age 

Form, lopline and underline straight, deep, broad, low set. 
stylish 

Quality, handling firm; hair line: skin pliable; bone dense, 
clean; evenly fleshed, without ties or rolls 

Condition, deep, even covering of tirm flesh, especially in re- 
gion of valuable cuts '. 

Head and neck— 7 points: 

Muzzle, mouth huge; lips thin; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short, quiet, expressive 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Fore quarters— 9 points: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, snug 

Brisket, advanced; breast wide 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

Body— 30 points: 

Chest, full, deep, wide: girth large; crops full... 

Ribs, long, arched, thickly fleshed 

Hack, broad, straight 

Loin, thick, broad 

Flank, full, even with underline 

Hind quarters— 14 points: 

Hips, si till \ covered; distance apart in proportion with 

other parts 

Rump, long, wide, even; tail head smooth, not patchy 

Pin bones, not prominent, far apart 

Thighs, full 

Twist, deep, plump, indicating fleshiness 

Legs, straight, short; shank, fine, smooth 

Total 



Possible Student's rorrpotpd 
score score. - orre 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



43 



School of Agriculture of Purdue University. 

Same as the Illinois card (see p. 42), with the following exceptions: Tjnder face, omit "quiet;" 
under rump, read "tailhead wide, smooth, not patchy." There are also some slight differences in 
phraseology. 

Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points. 



General appearance: 

1. Weight, pounds; score according to age 

2. Form, topline and underline straight; deep, broad, low set, stylish 

3. Quality, hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense, clean; firm covering of flesh without 

any ties or rolls 1 

4. Condition, deep, even covering of firm flesh, especially in regions of valuable cuts . 
Head and neck: 

5. Muzzle, broad; mouth large; jaw wide; nostrils large 

6. Eyes, large, clear, placid 

7. Face, short; expression quiet 

8. Forehead, broad, full 

9. Ears, size medium ; texture fine 

10. Horns, oval; texture fine; size medium 

11. Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Fore quarters: 

12. Shoulder vein, full 

13. Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, smooth 

14. Brisket, advanced; breast wide 

15. Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

16. Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

Body: 

17. Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full 

18. Ribs, long, arched, thickly fleshed 

19. Back, broad, straight, smooth, even 

20. Loin, thick, broad 

21. Flank, full, even with underline 

Hind quarters: 

22. Hips, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion with other parts 

23. Rump, long, wide, even; tailhead smooth, not patchy 

24. Pin bones, not prominent, far apart 

25. Thighs, full, deep, wide -. ; 

26. Twist, deep, plump 

27. Purse, full, indicating fleshiness 

28. Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

Total 



Perfect 
score. 



Kansas State Agricultural College. 

Same as the Iowa card (see above) for beef cattle, with the following exceptions: Under quality, 
read "firm handling; hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; evenly fleshed." Under shoulder, omit 
"compact on top, smooth." 

Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky. 

Same as Iowa card (see above), except that under quality read "firm handling; hair fine; skin pli- 
able; bone dense; evenly fleshed." 



Maryland Agricultural College. 

Same as Michigan card (see p. 44), with one exception: Under twist, read "deep, full. 



44 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
Michigan State Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 


Per- 
fect. 


Student's 
estimate. 


Corrected. 


General appearance: 

Age, estimated, ; corrected, . 

Weight, estimated, pounds; corrected, pounds. 

Form, square, blocky, broad, top and bottom lines straight 

Quality, hair fine, soft; skin mellow, loose, pliable, of medium 


8 

8 
3 

1 






























20 












Head and neck: 

Muzzle, clean cut, fine: mouth large; lips thin; nostrils wide, 


1 

3 


















































11 












Fore quarters: 


4 
2 
3 


















Legs, straight, short, wide apart, strong; bone clean; arm full ... 












16 












Body: 


4 
3 
5 
5 
5 
3 












































25 












11 i ii< 1 quarters: 


4 

3 
2 
4 
5 
2 
3 






























Twist, deep 


























28 












Total 


100 













THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



45 



College of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



General appearance: 

1. Weight, score according to age 

2. Form, topline and underline straight; deep, broad, low set, stylish 

3. Quality, hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; flesh firm, even, deep, especially in 

regions of valuable cuts 

4. Condition, good health; vigorous; fat abundant, evenly distributed 

Head and neck: 

5. Muzzle, broad; mouth large; jaw wide; nostrils large 

6. Eyes, large, clear, placid 

7. Face, short; expression quiet 

8. Forehead, broad, full 

9. Ears, size medium; texture fine 

10. Horns, oval; texture fine; size medium 

11. Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Fore quarters: 

12. Shoulder vein, full 

13. Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, smooth 

14. Brisket, advanced; breast wide 

15. Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

16. Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

Body: 

17. Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full 

18. Bibs, long, arched, thickly fleshed 

19. Back, broad, straight, smooth, even 

20. Loin, thick, broad 

21. Flank, full, even with underline 

Hind quarters: 

22. Hips, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion with other parts 

23. Rump, long, wide, even; tail head smooth, not patchy 

24. Pin bones, not prominent, far apart 

25. Thighs, full, deep, wide 

26. Twist, deep, plump ■. 

27. Purse, full, indicating fleshiness 

28. Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

Total 



46 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts of the University of Missouri. 



Scale of points. 


Per- 
fect. 


Student's 
estimate. 


Corrected. 


General appearance: 

Age, estimated, ; corrected, 

Weight, estimated, pounds; corrected, pounds. 

Form, square, blocky, broad; top and bottom lines straight 

Quality, fine, soft hair; skin mellow, loose, pliable, of medium 


8 
3 
























19 












Head and neck: 

Muzzle, clean cut, fine; mouth large; lips thin; nostrils wide. 


a 

3 

1 
1 
1 






































3 

















12 












Fore quarters; 


3 
3 
5 
1 
3 
























Legs, straight, short, wide apart; bone strong, clean; arm full ... 












15 

4 
3 

5 
5 
6 

4 








== 





Body: 




(lops, full 


















Loin, full, thick, broad 




















27 












Hind quarters: 


4 
5 
3 
3 
4 
5 
3 


















































27 












Total 


100 













THE SCORE CAED IN STOCK JUDGING. 



47 



New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points. 



Points deficient. 

Perfect ; 

score. Student's 



A. General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; score ac- 
cording to age 

Form, topline and underlines straight; deep, broad, low set 

Quality, handling firm; hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; 
evenly fleshed 

Style, active, upstanding 

Temperament 

B. Head and neck: 

Muzzle, fine; mouth large; lips thin; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid „ 

Face, short; expression quiet . 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

C. Fore quarters: 

Shoulder yein, full 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, snug. 

Brisket, advanced; breast wide 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

D. Body: 

Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full 

Ribs, long, arched, thickly fleshed ' 

Back, broad, straight 

Loin, thick, broad 

Flank, full, even with underline 

E. Hind quarters: 

Hips, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion with other 

parts 

Rump, long, even, wide; tailhead smooth, not patchy 

Pin bones, not prominent, far apart 

Thighs, full 

Twist, deep, plump 

Purse, full, indicating fleshiness 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

Total : 



New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. 

ie as the Iowa card (see p. 43) for beef cattle, with the following exception: Under quality, read 
handling; hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; evenly fleshed." 

North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. 

Le as the New Hampshire card (see above) for beef cattle. 



48 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



North. Dakota Agricultural College. 



Scale of points 



Perfect 
score. 



Points deficient. 



Student's 
score. 



General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; according to age 

Form, topline and underline straight; deep, broad, low, set, 
stylish 

Quality, handling firm; hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; 
evenly fleshed 

Temperament, quiet 

Head and neck: 

Muzzle, mouth large; lips thin; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short; expression quiet 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Fore quarters: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, snug 

Brisket, advanced ; breast wide 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

Body: 

Chest, full, deep, wide: girth large; crops full 

Ribs, long, arched, thickly fleshed 

Back, broad, straight 

Loins, thick, broad 

Flank, full, even with underline 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion with other 
parts 

Rump, long, even, wide; tailhead smooth, not patchy 

Pin bones, not prominent, far apart 

Thighs, full 

Twist, deep, plump 

Purse, full, indicating fleshiness 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

Total 



<( After Craig. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



49 



The College of Agriculture and Domestic Science, Ohio State University. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Points deficient. 



Measurements: 

Height, at withers, hands; height at sternum, hands 

Heart girth, • ; length of body, 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds 

A. General appearance: 

Size, score according to age and breed; mature bulls, 2,000; ma- 
ture cows, 1.600; 30-month steers, 1,500 pounds 

Form, body resembling parallelogram; long, broad, deep, low; 
topline and underline straight; equally and smoothly devel- 
oped throughout; symmetrical 

Quality, hair, soft, silky, assuming a thick furry character in 
winter, not coarse, wiry, or harsh; skin rather thick, pliable 
to touch, not papery, covering a mellow elastic cushion of 
evenly distributed flesh; bone dense, clean 

Constitution and temperament, vigorous, but mild and quiet; 
carriage graceful; step firm; bulls showing masculinity and 
individuality; cows showing femininity and refinement 

B. Head: 

Size, medium: parts well defined; substantial; face rather short . 

Muzzle, broad, full; mouth and nostril large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid, wide apart 

Forehead, broad, only moderately dished; in bulls preferably full. 

Horns, texture good; neat, but strong, typical of breed 

Ears, size and texture medium; broad rather than long; under 
good control 

C. Fore quarters: 

Neck, thick, short, insensibly joining the body at all points; 

throat clean; bulls showing decided crest 

Shoulders, not too prominent; blades well covered with flesh 

and not too upright; compact on top 

Breast, broad, deep; brisket advanced; dewlap not too loose and 

drooping 

Legs, short, straight, well placed; arm full; shank fine 

D. Body: 

Chest, deep, wide, full; heart girth large; crops filling up even 
behind shoulders; sternum level, full; stomach not too promi- 
nent, making underline straight 

Back, broad, level, straight, well covered with flesh; spinal col- 
umn not evident 

Loin, broad, level, straight, well covered with flesh 

Bibs, long, convex, close, thickly fleshed, not evident 

Flanks, full, thick, low, even with underline 

E. Hind quarters: 

. Hips, wide apart but not prominent, especially in bulls; well and 
smoothly covered 

Rump, long, wide, well covered with flesh so as to carry straight 
lines from hips to tailhead and to pin bones; pin bones good 
distance apart, but not prominent or patchy 

Tail, flat and broad at root, fitting closely and smoothly to back 
line; fine 

Thighs, carrying large amount of flesh, as indicated by width, 

. thickness, and by well descended, square, upright or' slightly 
rounded bullocks and low twist; in steers, purse full, indica- 
ting fleshiness 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine; standing firmly on feet; proper 
distance apart 



'total 



1403— No. 61—04- 



50 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. 



Scale of points. 



Possible 
score. 



Name of animal. 



General appearance— 40 points: 

Weight, 12 months, 800 pounds: 18 months, 1,100 pounds; 24 

months, 1,300 pounds; 30 months, 1,700 pounds. Estimated, 

pounds; actual pounds; score according toage 

Form, topi ine and underline straight; deep, broad, low set, 

stylish 

• Quality, firm handling; hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense, 

clean; evenly fleshed, without ties or rolls 

Condition, deep, even covering of firm flesh, especially in 

region of valuable cuts 

Head and neck— 7 points: 

Muzzle, broad; lips moderately thin; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short; expression quiet 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Fore quarters— 9 points: 

Shoulder vein, ful 1 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, smooth 

Brisket, advanced; breast wide 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

Body— 30 points: 

Chest, wide, deep, full: girth large; crops full 

Ribs, long, arched, thickly fleshed 

Back, bn >ad, straight, smcii >th 

Loin, thick, broad, extending well forward 

Flank, full, even with underline 

Hind quarters— 14 points: 

Hips, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion to other 

parts 

Rump. long, wide, even; tailhead smooth, not patchy 

Bin bones, not prominent, far apart 

Thighs, full, wide 

Twist, plump, deep; purse in steers full, indicating fleshiness 
Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

T< .tal 



Oregon State Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 



Student's 
estimate. 



Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds 

Form, topline and underline straight; deep, broad, low set ... 
Quality, firm handling; hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; 

evenly fleshed 

Style, active, upstanding 

Temperament 

Muzzle, fine; mouth large; lips thin; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short; expression quiet 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulders, covered with flesh, compact on top, snug 

Brisket, advanced; breast wide 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full 

Ribs, long, arched, thickly fleshed 

Back, broad, straight 

Loin, thick, broad 

Flank, full, even with underline-. 

Hips, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion with 

other parts 

Rump, long, even, wide; tailhead smooth, not patchy 

Pin bones, not too prominent, far apart, level 

Thighs, full 

Twist, deep, plump 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

Total 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



51 



The Pennsylvania State College. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Points deficient. 



Student's 
score. 



General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds, according to age 

Form, topline and underline straight; deep, broad, low set, styl- 
ish 

Quality, firm handling; hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; 
evenly fleshed 

Temperament, quiet 

Head and neck: 

Muzzle, mouth large; lips thin; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short; expression quiet ; 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Fore quarters: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, snug 

Brisket, advanced; breast wide 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

Body: 

Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full 

Ribs, long, arched, thickly fleshed 

Back, broad, straight 

Loin, thick, broad 

Flank, full, even with underline 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion with other 
parts 

Rump, long, even, wide; tailhead smooth, not patchy 

Pin bones, not prominent, far apart 

Thighs, full 

Twist, deep, plump 

Purse, full, indicating fleshiness 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

Total 



South Dakota Agricultural College. 

as the Iowa card (see p. 43) for beef cattle. 



52 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of Tennessee. 



Scale of points. 



Possible Student's 
score. score. 



A. General appearance: 

1. Estimated weight, pounds; actual, pounds 

2. Weight, according to ago; yearling, 800; two-year, 1,200 

3. Form, deep, broad, low set; with straight topline and underline 

4. Quality, hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; all parts evenly covered with 

firm flesh 

5. Style, active, sprightly 

6. Temperament, neither sluggish nor wild 

7. Constitution, vigorous, robust, showing size and substance 

B. Head and neck: 

8. Muzzle, fine; mouth large; lips thin; nostrils large 

9. Eyes, large, clear, placid 

10. Face, short; expression quiet 

11. Forehead, broad, full 

12. Ears, medium in size and fine in texture 

13. Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

C. Fore quarters: 

14. Shoulder vein, full 

15. Shoulders, smooth, well fleshed, compact on top , 

16. Brisket, extending well forward; breast wide 

17. Dewlap, light 

18. Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

D. Body: 

19. Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full 

20. Ribs, long, well arched, thickly fleshed 

21. Back, broad, straight 

22. Loin, thick, broad 

23. Flank full, even with underline 

E. Hind quarters: 

24. Hips, smooth, proportionately wide 

25. Rump, long, even, wide; tailhead smooth 

26. Pin bones smooth, well set apart 

27. Thighs, full 

28. Twist, deep, plump 

29. Purse, full 

30. Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

31. Tail, fine 



Total. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



53 



State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of Tennessee. 



Scale of points. 


Perfect 
score. 


Student's 
score. 


I. Primary considerations: 








3 
4 














5. Quality, skin thin, loose, elastic, mellow; flesh firm; hair soft, fine, silky. 
II. Nervous energy: 


5 ! 

5 




3 










2 
6 

2 

1 
1 
1 



3 
2 

1 
2 

1 
8 
9 
3 
3 

4 

6 
4 
3 
3 












III. Structural anatomy: 

12. Contour, clean-cut, smooth, correlated, symmetrical, free from patchi- 








14. Neck, full, medium length, cylindrical; throat clean; dewlap light 




















20. Bones, medinm; joints fine, flat; horns small, waxy; tail long, bone fine. 
IV. Digestion and assimilation: 


























V. Essential qualities: 

27. Straight top, side, and bottom lines; large girths at flank; navel and loin 




28. Close conformation; evenly and deeply covered with firm, springy flesh, 




















Total 


100 









54 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Agricultural College of Utah. 



Scale of points. 



Stand- 
ard. 



Student's. Corrected. 



General appearance: 

Age, estimated, ; corrected, 

Weight, estimated, pounds; corrected, pounds; score 

according to age 

Form, topline and underline straight; deep, broad, low set, 
stylish 

Quality, firm handling; hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; 
evenly fleshed 

Temperament, quiet 

Head and neck: 

Muzzle, clean cut, fine; mouth large; lips thin; nostrils large. . 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short, not lean; expression quiet 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Fore quarters: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, snug 

Withers, wide, level 

Brisket, advanced ; breast wide 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping, mellow 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank tine, smooth; wide apart 
Body: 

Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full 

Girth, feet, inches 

Crops, full, filling up even behind shoulder 

Ribs, long, close, arched, thickly fleshed 

Back, broad, straight, short 

Loin, thick, broad, full 

Flank, full, even with underline 

Hind quarters: 

Hip, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion to other 
parts 

Rump, long, even, wide; tailhead smooth, not patchy 

Pin bones, not prominent, far apart 

Thighs, full, well fleshed 

Twist, deep, plump 

Purse, full, indicating fleshiness 

Legs, straight, short; shanks fine, smooth 



Total 



Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. 

Same as the Iowa card (see p. 43) for beef cattle 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



55 



Washington Agricultural College and School of Science. 



Seal'' ol I'oillN. 



Points deficient. 



Student's Cor- 

score. rected. 



A. General appearance— 28: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; according to age 

Form, topline and underline straight; deep, broad, low set 

Quality, handling firm; hair fine; skin pliable; bone dense; 

evenly fleshed 

Style, active, upstanding 

Temperament 

B. Head and neck— 7: 

Muzzle, fine; mouth large; lips thin; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short; expression quiet 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

C. Fore quarters — 12: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, snug 

Brisket, advanced; breast wide 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

D. Body— 29: 

Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full 

Ribs, long, arched, thickly fleshed 

Back, broad, straight 

Loin, thick, broad 

Flank, full, even with underline 

E. Hind quarters— 24: 

Hips, smoothly covered, distance apart in proportion with other 

parts 

Rump, long, even, wide; tailhead smooth, not patchy 

Pin bones, not prominent, far apart 

Thighs, full 

Twist, deep, plump 

Purse, or udder, full, indicating fleshiness 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

Total 



56 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

College of Agriculture of the University of Wisconsin. 



Scale of points. 



Points deficient. 



Student's 
score. 



General appearance— 26 points: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; according to age 

Form, topline and underline straight; deep, broad, low set ... 

Quality, handling firm; hair fine; skin pliable; bone fine; 
evenly fleshed 

Style, active, upstanding 

Temperament, quiet, docile 

Head and neck— 8 points: 

Muzzle, good size; mouth large; lips thin; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short; expression quiet 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Fore quarters— 13 points: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, snug 

Breast, wide; brisket prominent 

Dewlap, skin not too loose and drooping 

Legs, straight, short; arm full; shank fine, smooth 

Body— 28 points: 

Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; fore flank full 

Crops, full, even with shoulders 

Ribs, deep, arched, thickly fleshed 

Back, broad, straight, evenly fleshed 

Loin, thick, broad 

Flank, full, even with underline 

Hind quarters — 25 points: 

Hips, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion with 
other parts 

Rump, long, even, wide; tailhead smooth, not patchy 

Pin bones, not prominent, far apart 

Thighs, full, wide, deep 

Twist, deep, plump 

Purse, full, indicating fleshiness 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine, smooth 

Total 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING 

STORE CATTLE. 

Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. 



57 



Scale of points. 


Possible 
score. 


Name of animals. 


General appearance — 40 points: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; accord- 


8 

15 

10 

5 
2 

2 
1 
1 

.5 
.5 
2 

1 

3 
1 

1 
2 

7 
6 

10 
7 

2 
3 

1 
3 
2 
2 










Form, topline straight; blocky, low set, in general a parallelo- 
gram, deep, broad; heart girth large, showing strong con- 
stitution; stylish, the animal should have a moderately 
large barrel, indicating a large capacity for storing and 










Quality, skin mellow, pliable, covered with fine, mossy hair; 










Condition, moderate covering of flesh, especially in region 




















Head and neck— 7 points: 




























































Fore quarters— 8 points: 

Shoulder -vein, well filled, giving a smooth blending of the 


















































Body— 32 points: 

Chest, full, deep, wide; girth large; crops full; fore flank well 
















































Hind quarters— 13 points: 

Hips, smoothly covered; distance apart in proportion with 










Rump, long, wide, even; tailhead smooth; tail well set 


























































Total 


100 





















58 



3Cr 



J/~ 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
DAIRY CATTLE. 




1. Muzzle. 


11. Withers. 


2. Mouth. 


12. Shoulder. 


3. Nostril. 


13. Point of shoulder. 


4. Face. 


14. Arm. 


5. Eye. 


lfi. Shanks, or cannons 


6. Ear. 


lti. Brisket. 


7. Horns. 


18. Topline. 


8. Neck. 


L9. Crops. 


9. Throat, 


20. Girth. 


LO. Dewlap. 


21. Fore flank. 



Fig. 4.— Points of the dairy cow, side view. 

22. Kibs. 

23. False ribs. 

24. Back, or chine. 

25. Loin. 

26. Coupling. 

30. Underline. 

31. Hind flank. 

32. Navel. 

3:!. Hip, or point of hip. 
34. Rump. 



36. Tail. 

37. Switch, or brush. 

38. Thigh. 

40. Udder. 

41. Fore udder. 

42. Hind udder. 

43. Teats. 

44. Mammary veins, or 

milk veins. 



J3k 




Fig. 5.— Points of the dairy cow, three-quarters rear view. 



17 Chest, 
27. Barrel. 



28. Barrel depression. 

29. Stomach, or belly. 



"). Pin bones, or thurls. 42. Hind udder. 

3. Escutcheon. 44. Mammary veins. 



THE SCOEE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



59 



Alabama Polytechnic Institute. 





Possible 
score. 


Student's 
score. 


Judge's 
score. 


General appearance: 


3 
5 

5 

5 

1 
2 
2 

10 
10 
2 
2 
2 

2 












Quality , hair tine, soft; skin mellow, loose, medium thickness; 






Temperament, nervous, indicated by lean appearance when 






Objections, undersize, too excitable. 
Head and neck: 










































Objections, thick, coarse head and neck. 
Fore quarters: 


















Objections, broad withers; heavy shoulders; legs close together. 
Body: 






























Objections, narrow chest; shallow, close-coupled barrel; 
Hind quarters: 














1 

1 
4 

2 

20 


















Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending high and wide; 






Udder, long, attached high and full behind, extending far in 
front and full, flexible; quarters even, free from fleshiness 






5 

5 
2 






Mammary veins, large, long, tortuous, branched, with double 












Objections, narrow hips; small, uneven, fleshy, or too large 
udder; small, uneven-sized teats. 






Total 


100 













60 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY 



School of Agriculture of Purdue University. 



Scale of points. 



A. General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds 

Form, wedge shape from front, side, and top 

Form, shapely, masculine, medium long 

Quality, hair fine, silky ; skin mellow, loose, medium thick, yellow, 
not fleshy ; bone fine '. 

B. Head and neck: 

Muzzle, broad; nostrils large; nose fine between muzzle and eyes 

Eyes, f ull , placid 

Face, lean, fine, shapely 

Forehead, dishing, broad between eyes 

Ears, size medium ; inside fine, yellow 

Neck, fine, rather long, well set on shoulders and head ; topline 

slightly curved; throat clean; dewlap light 

Neck, neatly joined to head and shoulders, of good length; masculine 

and strong of bearing, nearly free of dewlap 

C. Fore quarters: 

Withers, lean, thin 

Withers, well rounded, even on top 

Shoulders, light, oblique 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine; feet well placed 

D. Body: 

( 'best, deep, low, full; girth large 

Crops, well filled out 

Bibs, long, broad, well sprung, wide apart 

Hack, fairly level to set of tail, broad, strong 

Loin, broad, long, level 

Flanks, low 

Navel ,. prominent. 

E. Hind quarters: 

Hips, wide apart 

Rumps, long, broad, level 

Pin bones (or thurls), high, wide apart 

Thighs, thin, roomy, long, well carried 

Tail, long, fine, reaching hocks: good switch 

Legs, straight, short, wide apart;. shank fine 

F. Udder and rudimentaries: 

Front udder, carried well forward, full, thick, soft, mellow within 

Hind udder, full in form, well up behind 

Milk veins, large, long, elastic, tortuous, entering large orifices 

Teats, 2^-3 inches long, good size, well placed. 

Rudimentaries, four; large, well placed 



Total 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



61 



Iowa State College of Agriculture and. the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points. 



General appearance: 

1. Weight 

2. Form, inclined to be wedge shaped 

3. Quality, hair fine, soft; skin mellow, loose, medium thickness; secretion yellow; 

bone' clean, fine 

4. Condition, lean, though vigorous appearance when in milk 

Head and neck: 

5. Muzzle, clean cut; mouth large; nostrils large 

6. Eyes, large, bright, full, mild 

7. Face, lean, long; expression quiet 

8. Forehead, broad 

9. Ears, size medium; inside yellow; texture fine : 

10. Horns, waxy; texture fine. » 

11. Neck, fine; 'length medium; throat clean; dewlap light 

Fore quarters: 

12. Withers, lean, thin 

13. Shoulders, light, oblique 

14. Legs, straight, short; shank fine 

Body: 

15. Chest, deep, low; girth large, with full fore flank 

16. Barrel, ribs broad, long, wide apart; stomach large 

17. Back, lean, straight, open jointed 

18. Loin, broad 

19. Navel, large ". '. 

Hind quarters: 

20. Hips, far apart, level , 

21. Rump, long, wide \ 

22. Pin bones (or thurls) , high, wide apart 

23. Tail, long, slim: hair in switch fine 

24. Thighs, thin, long 

25. Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending high and wide; thigh ovals large 

26. Udder, long, attached high and full behind, extending far in front and full, flexible; 

quarters even, free from fleshiness 

27. -Teats, large, evenly placed 

28. Mammary veins, large, long, tortuous, branched with double extension; milk wells 

large, numerous 

29. Legs, straight, short; shank fine 



Perfect 
score. 



62 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



State Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 


Possible 
score. 


Student's 
score. 


Judge's 
score. 


General appearance: 


6 

6 

6 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
2 
2 

10 
10 
2 
2 
2 

2 
2 

1 
1 
4 

20 
5 

5 
2 






Quality, hair tine, soft; skin mellow, loose, medium thickness; 






Temperament, nervous, indicated by lean appearance when in 






Head and neck: 




































Neck, fine; length medium; throat clean; dewlap light 

Fore quarters: 






















Body: 






























Hind quarters; 






























Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending high and wide; 






Udder, long, attached high and full behind, extending far in 
front and full, flexible; quarters even, free from fleshiness. 










Mammary veins, large, long, tortuous, branched, with double 




















100 













Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky. 

Same as the Kansas card (see above) for dairy cattle. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



63 



Maryland. Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 


Perfect 
score. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 


I. Primary considerations— 16 points: 










3 
4 

4 

5 












Appearance, wedge-shaped viewed from front, side, rear and 






Quality, skin thin, loose, elastic, mellow; flesh firm; hair soft, 












16 


j 






II. Nervous energy— 23 points: 


3 
3 
2 

4 
4 


| 
































23 








III. Structural anatomy— 18 points: 

Contour, clean-cut, smooth, correlated, symmetrical, free from 


2 

1 

1 
1 
2 
3 

4 
2 

2 


J 


Head, medium in size; muzzle refined; mouth large; face lean 






Neck, fine, flat on side; length medium; throat clean; dewlap 






Withers, narrow on top, spreading: shoulder light, slanting 
















Pelvic arch, prominent, bare; pin bones high, wide; hips wide, 












Bones, medium; joints fine, flat; horns small, waxy; tail long. 
















18 












IV. Digestion and assimilation— 23 points: 


6 
9 
3 
3 












































23 












V. Milk indications— 20 points: 

Udder, long, capacious, balanced, well up behind, free from 
fleshiness, but with some substance when empty, strongly 


10 






Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending well upward 

Milk veins, large, tortuous, long, branched; milk wells large 

Skin of ear and udder yellow; secretions yellow, plentiful 






6 
1 
















20 












Total 


100 


































64 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Massachusetts Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 



Points deficient. 



feet. Student': 
score. 



Correct 
score. 



A. General appearance— 17 points: 

Age, estimated, years; corrected, years 

Weight, estimated, pounds; corrected, pounds . 

Form, trim, triple wedge shape 

Quality, hair tine, soft; secretion abundant, yellow; skin mellow, 
of not more than medium thickness; bone clean, fine 

Temperament, nervous, indicated by sprightly movement- of 
eye or ear, general refinement, prominence of veins, etc.; not 
sluggish nor yet wild and restive 

B. Head and neck— 8 points: 

Muzzle, clean cut; mouth and nostrils large 

Eyes, prominent, clear, mild 

Face, rather long, lean, fine 

Forehead, broad, slightly dishing 

Ears, fine; size medium; secretion rich, yellow 

Neck, medium 1< >ng, rather thin, fine at throat 

C. Fore quarters— 6 points: 

Withers, lean; spine high 

Shoulders, fairly wide at points, light, sloping 

"Brisket, light, thin 

Legs, short, straight; bone clean, fine 

D. Body— 23 points: 

Che'st, deep; girth, feet; corrected, feet 

Ribs, long, broad, open, moderately well sprung 

Chine, prominent, narrow '. 

Barrel, long, deep, capacious 

Back, straight, open jointed; prominences clearly defined 

Loin, broad, spare fleshed 

Flank, deep, thin 

Na vel, large 

E. Hind quarters — 14 points: 

Hips, prominent, wide 

Rump, level, long; pelvis roomy, wide 

Thurls, high, wide apart 

Thighs, lon^, thin; twist roomy, open 

Tail, long, rather loosely articulated; bush heavy 

Legs, straight, well apart, fine boned 

Escutcheon, high, wide 

F. Udder and milk veins— 32 points: 

Fore udder, broad, well forward, capacious, free from fleshiness. 

Hind udder, broad, well up behind, capacious, free from fleshi- 
ness 

Teats, squarely placed, wide apart, of convenient size, uniform. 

Milk veins, large, long, crooked, extending well forward, 
branched 

Milk wells, large or numerous 



Total 



THE SCOKE CAED IN STOCK JUDGING. 



65 



Michigan State Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 



General appearance: 

Age, estimated, — ; corrected, 

Weight, estimated, pounds; corrected, pounds 

Form, wedge-shaped, viewed from front, side, and above . . . 
Quality, hair fine; skin soft, medium thickness; bone clean. 
Temperament, nervous 



Head: 

Muzzle, clean cut; mouth large; nostrils large; face lean, long, 

dishing 

Eyes, full, mild, bright 

Forehead, broad 

Ears, size medium; texture fine 

Horn, small at base 



Fore quarters: 

Neck, thin; length medium 

Withers, lean, sharp 

Shoulders, light, oblique 

Legs, short, straight, clean boned. 



Body: 

Brisket, thin, sharp 

Chest, deep through lungs; girth large, feet 

Ribs, well sprung, broad, far apart 

Belly, large, roomy 

Chine, large, prominent, open 

Back, high, lean 

Loin, broad 

Flank, deep, thin 

Navel, large 



Hind quarters: 

Hips, wide apart 

Bump, long, high 

Pin bones (or thurls), high, wide apart 

Thigh, thin, incurving 

Tail, fine, reaching hock 

Escutcheon, spreading, high 



Udder, long, not fleshy, attached high; quarters even. 
Teats, large, evenly placed. 



Milk veins, large, tortuous, branching. 

Milk wells, large 

Legs, short, clean boned, far apart 



1403— No. 61- 



66 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts of the University of Missouri. 



Scale of points. 


Per- 
fect. 


Student's 
estimate. 


Corrected. 


General appearance: 
















Form, wedge-shaped, viewed, from front, side, and above 

Quality, hair fine; skin soft, of medium thickness; bone fine, clean. 


10 
5 
5 






















20 








Head: 


1 
1 
1 
1 
1 





























5 j 


Fore quarters: 


3 
3 
2 
3 

1 


























12 








Body: 


4 
















2 
4 

8 
2 

1 





























27 








Hind quarters: 


3 
3 
2 

4 

6 

G 
4 
3 

4 

1 
























Fore udder, extending well forward, full, not fleshy; quarters 






Hind udder, attached high behind, full, not fleshy; quarters 
























Legs, clean boned, wide apart, straight; cannon fine 












36 






. 






Total 


100 











THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



67 



New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 





Possible 
score. 


Points deficient. 


Scale of points. 


Student's 
estimate. 


Corrected. 


A. General appearance: 

Weight, 800 to 1,200 pounds; estimated, pounds; actual, 








Form, wedge-shaped as viewed from front, side, and top 

Quality, hair fine, soft; skin mellow, loose, medium thickness; 


6 

6 

6 

1 
2 

1 

1 

i 
l 

l 

5 
2 
8 
2 
4 
3 

4 
4 
3 

1 
1 

12 

10 
4 

6 
1 










Apparent constitution and temperament, rugged, active, in- 






B. Head: 

Muzzle, clean cut; face lean, long; mouth and nostrils large... 






















C. Fore quarters: 
























D. Body: 




































E. Hind quarters: 






























F. Udder: 

Front udder, carried well forward, full but not fleshy; quar- 






Hind udder, carried well back, attached high, good width, full 












Milk veins, large, long, extending well forward, crooked in 












Escutcheon, high, wide, spreading over thighs; thigh ovals 














100 











68 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



A. General appearance: 

1. Weight, 800 to 1,000 pounds, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds 

2. Form, wedge-shaped as viewed from front, side, and top 

3. Quality, hair fine, soft; skin mellow, loose, medium thickness secretion yellow; hone 

clean .* 

4. Temperament, nervous, indicated by lean appearance , 

B. Head and neck: 

5. Muzzle, clean cut; mouth large; nostrils large 

6. Eyes, large, bright, full, mild 

7. Face, lean, long; expression quiet 

8. Forehead , broad 

9. Ears, size medium; inside yellow; texture fine 

10. Horns, fine; texture waxy 

11. Neck, fine; length medium; throat clean; dewlap light 

C. Fore quarters: 

12. Withers, lean, thin 

13. Shoulders, light, oblique : 

14. Legs, straight, short; shank fine 

D. Body: 

15. Chest, deep, low; girth large with full fore flank 

16. Barrel, ribs broad, long, wide apart; stomach large 

17. Back, lean, straight, open jointed, well defined 

18. Loin, broad 

19. Naval, large 

E. Hind quarters: 

20. Hips, far apart, level 

21. Rump, long, broad 

22. Pin bones (or thurls), high, wide apart 

23. Tail, long, slim; hair in switch fine 

24. Thighs, thin, long, wide apart 

25. Escutcheon, spreading fiver thighs, extending high and wide; thigh ovals large 

26. Udder, long, broad, flexible; quarters even, free from fleshiness; front udder carried 

well forward, full; hind udder carried well back, attached high, full 

27. Teats, large, evenly placed 

28. Milk veins, large, long, tortuous 

29. Milk wells, large 

30. Legs, straight; shank fine 



Total. 



THE SCOEE CAED IN" STOCK JUDGING. 



69 



Cornell University. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Points deficient. 



Student's 
estimate. 



General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds 

Form, wedge-shaped as viewed from front, side, and top 

Quality, hair fine, soft; skin mellow, loose, medium thickness 
secretion yellow; bone clean 

Constitution, vigorous, not inclined to beeflness 

Head and neck: 

Muzzle, clean cut; mouth large; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, bright 

Face, lean, long; expression quiet 

Forehead, broad, slightly dished 

Ears, size medium; inside yellow; texture fine 

Neck, fine; length medium; throat clean; dewlap light 

Fore and hind quarters: 

Withers, lean, thin 

Shoulders, light, oblique 

Hips, far apart; level between hooks 

Rump, long, wide 

Pin bones (or thurls), high, wide apart 

Thighs, thin, long 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine 

Tail, long, slim; switch fine 

Body: 

Chest, deep, low; girth large , 

Ribs, broad, well sprung, long, wide apart; stomach large 

Back, lean, straight; chine open 

Loin, broad, level 

Flank, moderately low 

Navel, large 

Milk secreting organs: 

Udder, long, attached high and full behind, extending far in 
front and full; quarters even 

Udder, capacious, flexible; skin loose, pliable, covered with 
short, fine hair 

Teats, large, evenly placed 

Milk veins, large, tortuous; milk wells large 

Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending high and wide; 
thigh ovals large , 



Total . 



70 



BUEEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



North Dakota Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Points deficient. 



Student's 
score. 



General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds 

Form, wedge-shaped, as viewed from front, side, and top; weight 
800 tc ) 1 ,000 pi >unds 

Quality, hair fine, soft; skin mellow, loose, medium thickness, 
secretion yellow; bone clean 

Temperament, nervous, indicated by lean appearance 

Head and neck: 

Muzzle, clean cut; mouth large; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, bright 

Face, lean, long; expression quiet 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, size medium; inside yellow; texture fine 

Neck, fine; length medium; throat clean; dewlap light 

Fore quarters: 

Withers, lean, thin 

Shoulders, light, oblique 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine 

Body: 

Chest, deep, low; girth large 

Ribs, broad, long, wide apart; stomach large 

Back, lean, straight, open jointed 

Loins, broad 

Naval, large 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, far apart 

Rump, long, wide 

Pin bones (or thurls), high, wide apart 

Tail, long, slim: switch fine 

Thighs, thin, long 

Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending high and wide; 
thigh ovals large 

Udder, long, attached high and full behind, extending far in 
front and full; quarters even, free from fleshiness 

Teats, large, evenly placed 

Milk veins, large, tortuous; milk wells large 

Legs, straight, far apart; shank fine 



Total 



North Carolina College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 

Same as the New Hampshire card (see p. 67) for dairy cattle. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



71 



The College of Agriculture and Domestic Science, Ohio State University. 





Score. 




Male. 


Female. 


Scale of points. 


•6 

03 

•a 

~ 

$ 

m 


5 

P 

5 


2 

o 
o 


03 




•6 

O 


A. General appearance: 


1 






1 

7 


















10 

10 

1 
2 

1 
2 
1 










Quality, hair fine, silky; skin mellow, loose, medium thick, yellow, not 






8 

1 

1 
1 
2 

1 

2 






B. Head and neck: 


















































Neck, fine, rather long, well set on shoulders and head; topline slightly 










Neck, neatly joined to head and shoulders, of good length, masculine 


5 










C. Fore quarters: 




















1 








2 
4 
2 

10 
3 
5 
3 
3 
5 
2 
















2 
2 

8 
1 
5 
2 
3 
4 
1 
















D. Body: 






































































E. Hind quarters: 












3 
3 

1 
3 
2 
1 






3 
3 

1 
3 
2 

1 

12 
10 
6 
2 
4 
























































F. Udder or rudimentaries: 

Front udder, carried well forward, full, thick, soft, mellow within; 
























5 
































10 
























100 






100 

















Note.— A defective teat or udder disqualifies, 
pounds; females, 750 to 1,400 pounds. 



Matured males should weigh from 1,000 to 2,000 



72 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. 



Scale of points. 


Possible 
score. 


Name of animals. 


General appearance— 20 points: 












Form, wedge shape, as viewed from front and top; top line 


5 

7 

1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
2 

1 
2 

1 

10 
10 
3 
2 

1 

3 
3 

1 
1 
4 

1 
3 

18 
4 
4 

100 










Quality, hair fine, soft; skin mellow, loose, medium thick- 










Style, active, vigorous, showing strong character; tempera- 










Head and neck— 8 points: 

Muzzle, broad, clearly defined; mouth and nostrils large 














1... 


Face, lean, somewhat long, fine between muzzle and eyes 




























Neck, fine; length medium; throat clean; dewlap light 

Fore quarters — 4 points: 






































Body— 26 points: 


















































Hind quarters — 42 points: 


















































Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending high and wide; 




















Udder, long, attached high and full behind, extending far in 




















Mammary veins, large, tortuous, branching; milk wells large. 


















Total 





















THE SCOEE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 
Oregon State Agricultural College. 



73 



Scale of points. 



Possible Student': 



A. General appearance: 

Weight, 800 to 1,200 pounds; estimated, pounds; actual, 

pounds 

Form, wedge shape, as viewed from front and top 

Quality, hair fine, soft; skin mellow, loose, medium thickness; 
secretion yellow; bone clean 

Temperament, nervous, indicated by lean appearance 

B. Head and neck: 

Muzzle, clean cut; mouth large; nostrils large 

Eyes, full, mild, bright , 

Pace, lean, long; expression quiet 

Forehead, moderately broad, full 

Ears, size medium; inside yellow; texture fine 

Neck, fine; length medium; throat clean; dewlap light , 

C. Fore quarters: 

Withers, lean, thin 

Shoulders, light, oblique 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine 

D. Body: 

Chest, deep, low; girth large 

Ribs, broad, long, wide apart; stomach large 

Back, lean, straight, open jointed 

Loin, broad 

Flank, low 

Navel, large 

E. Hind quarters: 

Hips, far apart, level between hooks 

Rump, long, wide 

Pin bones (or thurls), high, wide apart 

Tail, long, slim; switch fine 

Thighs, thin, long 

Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending high and wide; 

thigh ovals large 

Udder, long, attached high and full behind, extending far in 

front and full; quarters even, free from fleshiness 

Teats, large, evenly placed 

Mammary veins, large, tortuous 

Milk wells, large 

Legs, straight, far apart; shank fine 



Total 



74 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
The Pennsylvania State College. 



Scale of points. 


Perfect. 


Student's 
estimate. 


Corrected. 


General appearance: 














8 
6 




Quality, hair line; skin soft, of medium thickness; bone fine, 














20 








Il.ad: 


1 
1 


















1 




Fore quarter: 




5 






1 












Shoulders, oblique, lean 






3 

1 




















9 












Body: 


4 
4 

2 
2 
4 
8 

1 
























































26 












Hind quarter: 


3 
3 
2 
4 

8 

8 
4 
3 

4 

1 
























Fore udder, extending well forward, full, not fleshy; quarters 






Hind udder, attached high behind, full, not fleshy; quarters 






































40 












Total 


100 













South Dakota Agricultural College. 

i as the Iowa card (see p. 61) for dairy cattle. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



75 



State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of Tennessee. 



' Scale of points. 



A. General appearance: 

1. Weight, 800 to 1,000 pounds; estimated, pounds; actual, pounds. 

2. Form, wedge-shaped as viewed from front, top, side, back, and rear 

3. Quality, hair, fine, soft; skin of medium thickness, mellow, elastic; secre- 

tion yellow; bone, tine, clean 

4. Temperament, sanguine 

5. Constitution, vigorous, robust, showing size and substance 

B. Head and neck: 

6. Muzzle, clean cut; mouth large; nostrils large 

7. Eyes, full, clear, placid 

8. Face, lean and long; expression quiet 

9. Forehead, broad, high, full 

10. Ears, texture line; size medium 

11. Neck, fine; length of neck medium; throat clean; dewlap light. 

C. Fore quarters: 

12. Withers, lean, thin 

13. Shoulders, light, slanting 

14. Legs, straight, short; shank fine 

D. Body: 

15. Chest, deep, low; girth large 

16. Ribs, broad, long, wide apart; stomach large 

17. Back, lean, straight; vertebra; spaced 

18. Loin, broad, muscular 

19. Flank, thin, arching 

20. Navel, large, well-defined . .- 

E. Hind quarters: 

21. Hips, wide; space between hooks level 

22. Rump, long, wide 

23. Pin bones, high, wide apart 

24. Tail, long, fine; switch fine 

25. Thighs, long, thin 

26. Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending far upward 

27. Udder, long, capacious, but not pendulous, extending well up behind 
and far forward; quarters, even, free from fleshiness 



28.' Teats, large, evenly placed. 

29. Milk veins, large, long, tortuous 

30. Milk wells, large 

31. Legs, straight, set well apart; shank fine. 



Student's 
score. score. 



76 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of Tennessee. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Student's 
score. 



I. Primary considerations: 

1. Weight, pounds 

2. Size and substance, forage 

3. Style, attractive, sprightly: breeding apparent 

4. Appearance, wedge-shaped, angular 

• r >. Quality, skin thin, loose, elastic, mellow; flesh firm; hairsoft, fine, silky. _ 

II. Nervous energy: 

6. Temperament, active, controlled 

7. Eyes, large, clear, bright, mild, placid, free from white 

8. Forehead, broad, high; face dished 

9. Ears, broad, thin, active 

10. Spinal column, long, prominent, open 

11. Milk veins, branching, long, tortuous 

12. Navel, large, defined 

III. Structural anatomy: 

13. Contour, clean-cut, smooth, correlated, symmetrical, free from patchi- 

ness and offal 

14. Head, medium in size; muzzle refined; mouth large; face lean, long 

15. Neck, fine; length medium; flat on side; throatclean; dewlap light 

1C>. Withers, narrow on top, spreading; shoulder light, slanting 

17. Back, straight, strong, well muscled 

18. Loin, broad, strong 

19. Pelvic arch, prominent, bare; pin bones high, wide 

20. Flank, high; twist open; thigh thin, incurved 

21. Bones, medium; joints fine, flat; horns small, waxy; tail long, slim 

IV. Digestion and assimilation: 

22. Nostrils, medium-sized, clear, bright 

23. Breast and brisket, prominent, angular 

24. Chest, wide, deep, long; girth large 

25. Barrel, medium long, broad on top, deep, capacious 

26. Ribs, flat, spaced, well sprung; chine open 

V. Milk indications: 

27. False ribs, suppressed; barrel depression marked 

28. Udder, long, capacious, balanced, free from fleshiness, strongly attached, 

collapsed when empty; teats evenly placed 

29. Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending well upward 

30. Milk veins, large, tortuous, long, branched; milk wells large 

" 31. Skin of ear and udder yellow; secretions yellow 



Total. 



THE SCOEE CAED IN STOCK JUDGING. 



77 



Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. 



Scale of points. 



Student's 
score. 



General appearance: , 

Weight, 800 to 1.000 pounds, estimated, 



■ pounds . 



" Form, wedge-shaped as viewed from front, top, and back 

Quality, hair fine, soft: skin of medium thickness, mellow, 

elastic; secretion yellow; bone fine, clean 

Temperament, sanguine 

B. Head and neck: 

Muzzle, clean cut; mouth large; nostrils large 

Eyes, full, mild, bright 

Face, lean, long; expression quiet 

Forehead, broad, high, full 

Ears, texture fine: size medium 

Neck, fine; length of neck medium; throat clean; dewlap light 

C. Fore quarters: 

Withers, lean, thin 

Shoulders, light, slanting 

Legs, straight, short; shank fine 



D. Body: 

Chest, deep, low: girth large 

Ribs, broad, long, wide apart; stomach large 

Back, lean, straight, open jointed 

Loin, broad 

Flank, low 

Navel, large 

E. Hind quarters: 

Hips, far apart; space between hooks level 

Rump, long, wide 

Pin bones, high, wide apart 

Tail, long, fine; switch fine 

Thigh, long, thin 

Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending far upwards 

Udder, long, capacious, but not pendulous, extending well up 
behind and far forward; quarters even, free from fleshiness. 

Teats, large, evenly placed 

Milk veins, large, long, tortuous 

Milk wells, large 

Legs, straight, set well apart; shank fine 



Total 



78 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
Agricultural College of Utah. 



Scale of points 



A. General appearence: 

Age, estimated, ; corrected, 

Weight, estimated , pounds; actual, pounds 

Form, wedge shaped as viewed from front, side, and top 

Form, shapely, musculine, medium height 

Quality, hair fine, silky; skin mellow, loose, medium thickness; secre- 
tions yellow; bone clean; horns small at base 

Temperament, nervous, indicated by lean appearance 

B. Head and neck: 

Muzzle, clean cut; mouth large, broad; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, bright, full, placid 

Face, lean, long; expression quiet 

Forehead, full above, broad, slightly dished between the eyes; not 

too wide between the horns 

Ears, well set; size medium; inside yellow; texture fine 

Neck, fine, but joining strong at head, rather long; throat clean; dew- 



lap light . 
leek, n 



Neck, neatly joined to head and shoulders, of good length; masculine 
and strong of bearing; nearly free of dewlap 

Fun' quarters: 

Withers, lean, thin 

Withers, well rounded, even on top 

Shoulders, lean, strong, obi ique 

Legs, straight, short; shanks fine; hoofs broad, sloping 

Body: 

('best, deep, low, full; girth large; brisket light, thin 

Ribs, broad, long, well sprung, wide apart 

Stomach (or belly), large, deep, roomy , 

Back, fairly level, not too straight, standing out well; spine large, lean, 
open-jointed 

Loin, broad, lean 

Flank, moderately low, thin 

Navel, large, prominent 

Hind quarters: 

Hip, wide apart, arched between 

Rump, long, wide, arched, not fleshy 

Pin bones (or thurls), high, wide apart 



Thighs, long, thin, incurved, giving room for udder. 

Legs, straight, short, wide apart; shanks tine 

Tail, long, slim, reaching to hocks; switch " 



Udder and rudimentaries (milk-secreting organs): 
Udder, long, attached high and full behind, extending far in front and 

full; quarters even 

Udder, capacious, flexible; skin loose, pliable, covered with short, 

fine hair; some substance in structure, but not fleshy 

Teats, size and length, medium; evenly placed, wide apart 

Rudimentaries, four; large, well placed , 

Milk veins, large, long, tortuous; entering large orifices, which are well 

forward 

Escutcheon, spreading over thighs; extending high and wide; thigh 

ovals large 



Total. 



Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. 
Same as the Iowa card (see p. 61) for dairy cattle 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



79 



"Washington Agricultural College and School of Science. 



Scale of points. 



Student's 
score. 



Corrected 
score. 



General appearance— 21 : 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds 

Age, estimated, ; actual, 

Form, wedge shaped, as viewed from front, side, and above 

Quality, hair fine; skin soft, medium thickness; bone clean 

Temperament, nervous 

Head— 7: 

Muzzle, clean cut; mouth large; nostrils large 

Face, lean, long, dishing 

Eyes, full, mild, bright 

Forehead, broad; horns small at base 

Ears, size medium; inside yellow; texture fine 

Fore quarters — 9: 

Neck, thin; length medium 

Withers, sharp, lean 

Shoulders, light, oblique 

Legs, short, straight, fine shanked 

Brisket, thin , sharp 

Body— 25: 

Chest, deep; girth at heart large ( feet, inches) 

Ribs, broad, long, far apart 

Belly, large, roomy 

Back, lean, straight, open-jointed 

Loin, broad 

Flank, deep 

Navel, large 

Hind quarters— 88: 

Hips, far apart, level between them 

Rump, long, high 

Pin bones, high, wide apart 

Tail, long, reaching hocks; switch finely developed 

Thighs, thin, incurving 

Escutcheon, wide, extending far up 

Udder, extending far up behind and far in front; quarters even, 
free from fleshiness 

Teats, well shaped, neither too large nor too small; evenlyplaced. 

Milk veins, large, tortuous 

Milk wells, large 

Legs, straight, far apart; shank fine 



Total . 



80 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Washington Agricultural College and School of Science. 



Scale of points. 



Student's 
score. 



I. Digestive apparatus: 

1. Abdomen, deep, wide, giving triangular form, as seen from side and top 

view; ribs well arched (not dropping too soon after leaving backbone). 

2. Muzzle and jaw, large, showing eating capacity 

II. Temperament: 

1 . Thighs, thin, incurving 

•J. Hips, wide, prominent, but strong 

:;. Backbone, well developed, not too deeply covered with flesh 

4. Legs, short, small, thin skinned 

5. Shoulders, light, with sharp rather than round withers 

6. Brisket. V-shaped rather than U-shaped 

7. Neck, not fleshy 

8. Skull, wide in region of brain, showing large brain 



III. Constitution: 

1. Chest, deep, wide; fore legs not close together; nostrils wide, flaring; 

these points indicate large lungs and heart 

2. Pelvic bones, large; rump prominent, clear to base of tail; tail long; 

switch well developed 

3. Eyes, bright; skin soft, pliant; hair smooth, glossy; all indicating health 

and vigor 



IV. Milk organs: 

1. ['dder, large, lower outline a semicircle when distended; attachment to 

body long, extending far up behind and far out in front; plenty of gland- 
ular tissue within, but showing loose folds behind when empty; quarters 
even 

2. Teats, good size, well shaped, easy to milk, not too close together 

3. Milk veins, large, tortuous; veins on udder prominent [escutcheon wide, 

regular, extending far up(?)] 

1. Hips and loins, wide; legs far apart, giving room for large udder 

Total 

V. Training: 

1. Flow, constant, regular till near calving, having been milked, fed regu- 

larly, and never allowed to nurse calf more than a few days 

2. No vicious habits such as kicking, hooking, jumping, etc 

Total 



THE SCORE CAED IN STOCK JUDGING. 



81 



College of Agriculture of the University of "Wisconsin. 





Possible 
score. 


Points deficient. 


Scale of points. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 


General appearance— 17 points: 








Form, wedge shaped as viewed from front, side, and top 

Quality, hair fine, soft; skin mellow, loose, medium thickness; 


5 
4 

8 

2 
2 
2 
2 

1 
4 

4 
2 

9 










Temperament, nervous, indicated by marked refinement in 
head, neck, and fore quarters; backbone prominent, well 






Head and neck— 13 points: 






























Neck, fine, thin; length medium; throat clean; dewlap light .. . 
Fore quarters— 7 points: 

Shoulders, light, sloping, backbone rising well between the 






















Body— 20 points: 














3 









3 

2 

1 
5 
1 

1 

18 
4 

6 






Hind quarters— 15 points: 






























Escutcheon, spreading over thighs, extending high and wide; 






Udder, symmetrical, broad, extending well forward and well 
up between thighs, free from fleshiness, well held up; quar- 












Milk veins, large, tortuous, branching; milk wells large, numer- 










Total 


100 






1 



1403— No. 61—04- 



BUKEAU OF ANIMAL LNDUSTKY. 
HOGS. 




Fig. 6.— Points of the hog, three-quarters front view 

2. Face. 9. Arm. 

:;. Eye. 11. Leg. 

4. Ears. 14. Topline 

".. Jowl. 15. Crops. 

7. Shoulder vein, or neck 16. Back. 



17. Loin. 

18. Side. 



19. Ribs. 25. Rump. 

20. Belly. 26. Tail. 

21. Fore flank. 28. Thigh. 

22. Underline, or hot- 29. Buttock 
tomline. 31. Hock. 



23. Hind flan] 

24. Hip. 




*' £<^\>/ 



l/J. ~~ "•' 

Fig. 7.— Points of the hog, side view. 



1. Snout. 


12. Pastern. 


19. Ribs. 


27. Ham, or gammon 


5. Jowl. 


13. Feet. 


20. Belly. 


29. Buttocks. 


6. Neck. 


15. Crops. 

16. Back. 


21. Fore flank. 


30. Twist, or crotch. 


8. Shoulder. 


23. Hind flank. 


31. Hock. 


9. Arm. 


17. Loin. 


24. Hip. 




L0. Breast, or brisket. 


18. Side. 


25. Rump. 





THE SCOKE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



83 



Alabama Polytechnic Institute. 



Scale of points. 



Possible Student's Judge'; 
score. score. score. 



General appearance: 

Weight, score according to age 

Form, deep, broad, low, long, symmetrical, compact, standing 

squarely on legs 

Quality, hair silky; skin fine; bone fine; flesh smooth, mellow, 

free from lumps or wrinkles 

Condition, deep, even covering of flesh, especially in region of 

valuable cuts 

Objections, scurfy, coarse or wrinkly skin; hair coarse, bristly; 

bone coarse; unequal development of parts. 
Head and neck: 

Snout, length medium; not coarse 

Eyes, full, mild, bright, well set 

Face, short, cheeks full 

Ears, fine; size medium; soft 

Jowl, strong, neat, broad 

Neck, thick; length medium 

Objections, face, long, narrow, straight; narrow between eyes; 

jowl flabby, pendant; neck tucked up. 
Fore quarters: 

Shoulder, broad, deep, full, compact on top, same width as 

back and hind quarters 

Breast, moderately wide, full 

Legs, straight, strong, short; bone clean; pasterns upright; 

feet medium size 

Objections, weak knees and pasterns; legs close together, 

crooked; shoulders narrow, shallow. 
Body: 

Chest, deep, broad; girth full 

Sides, deep, long, full; ribs close, well sprung 

Back, broad, straight, uniform width, thickly and evenly fleshed 

Loin, wide, thick, straight 

Belly, straight, even; flank well let down 

Objections, depression behind shoulders; girth small; loin 

narrow; back drooping; belly narrow. 
Hind quarters: 

Hips, wide apart, smooth 

Rump, long, wide, evenly fleshed, straight 

Ham, heavily fleshed, plump, full, deep, wide 

Thigh, fleshed close to hocks, full in crotch 

Legs, straight, strong, short; bone clean; pasterns upright; feet 

medium size 

Tail, well set on; size medium; curled 

Objections, hips and rump narrow; rump short, steep; ham 

and thigh thin and shallow. 

Total 



Kansas State Agricultural College. 





Possible 
score. 


Student's 
score. 


Judge's 
score. 




4 
2 
2 
2 
2 
6 
12 
14 
10 
4 
10 
10 
1 
3 
3 
5 
3 
2 
2 
3 












3. Ears 
























7. Chest 




































13. Tail 






14. Coat 






15. Color 










































Total 


100 













84 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Michigan State Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 


Perfect. 


Student's 
estimate. 


Corrected. 


General appearance: 










6 

8 

8 
5 






Form, deep, low down, broad; standing firmly and squarely on 






Quality, bone clean, medium fineness; hair silky, without 




















27 












Head and neck: 


2 












































7 












Fore quarters: 


9 
3 
3 
3 
































18 












Body: 


2 
5 
8 
5 
3 
2 
2 


















































27 












Hind quarters: 


3 
3 
9 
3 
3 






































21 














100 













THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



85 



College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of the University of Missouri. 



Scale of points. 


Perfect. 


Student's 
estimate. 


Corrected. 


General appearance: 










6 

8 
5 






Form, deep, low down, broad; standing firmly and squarely on 






Quality, bone clean, medium fineness; hair silky, without 




















26 












Head and neck: 


1 

1 

1 
1 
2 












































7 












Fore quarters: 


8 
3 
6 






























19 












Body: 


2 
5 
8 
5 
3 
2 
2 












































27 














3 
3 
9 
6 
































21 












Total 


100 













86 



BUEEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points 



Perfect 
score. 



Points deficient. 



Student's 
score. 



A. General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds 

Score, according to age 

Form, deep, broad, low, symmetrical, compact; standing squarely 



Quality, bone clean; hair silky; skin fine 

Disposition, quiet 

B. Head and neck 

Snout, length medium; not coarse 

Eyes, full, mild, bright, large 

Face, short; cheeks full 

Ears, fine, soft; size medium 

Jowl, strong, neat, broad 

Neck, thick; length medium 

C. Fore quarters: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, broad, deep, full, compact on top 

Breast, advanced, wide 

Legs, straight, short, strong; feet medium size ... 

Chest, deep, broad; girth large 

Sides, deep, lengthy, closely ribbed 

Back, broad, straight, thickly and evenly fleshed 

Loin, wide, thick 

Belly, straight 

Flank, even with underline 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, wide apart, smooth 

Rump, long, wide, evenly fleshed, straight 

Hams, heavily fleshed, deep, wide 

Thighs, fleshed close to hocks 

Ta if, tapering 

Legs, straight, short, strong; feet medium size ... 



I). Boc 



Total . 



North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. 

Same as the New Hampshire card (see above) for hogs. 



THE SCOEE CAED IN STOCK JUDGING. 



87 



North Dakota Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. « 



Perfect 
score. 



Points deficient. 



Student': 
score. 



General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; score ac- 
cording to age 

Form, deep, broad, low, long, symmetrical, compact; standing 
squarely on legs 

Quality, bone clean; hair silky; skin fine 

Disposition, quiet 

Head and neck: 

Snout, length medium, not coarse 

Eyes, full, mild, bright, large 

Face, short; cheeks full 

Ears, fine; size medium ; soft 

Jowl, strong, neat, broad 

Neck, thick; length medium 

Fore quarters: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, broad, deep, full, compact on top 

Breast, advanced, wide 

Legs, straight, short, strong; feet medium size 

Body: 

Chest, deep, broad; girth large 

Sides, deep, lengthy, closely ribbed 

Back, straight, broad, thickly and evenly fleshed 

Loins, wide, thick 

Belly, straight 

Flank, even with under line 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, wide apart, smooth 

Rump, long, wide, evenly fleshed, straight 

Hams, heavily fleshed, deep, wide 

Thighs, fleshed cl< >se to hocks 

Legs, straight, short, strong; feet medium size 

Total 



a After Craig. 
Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. 



Scale of points. 


Possible 
score. 


Name of animals. 


General appearance— 40 points: 

Weight: Six months, 200 pounds; 12 months, 350 pounds; 18 






































8 

10 

10 

12 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

5 
1 
1 

4 
7 
8 
5 
2 
2 

2 
2 
12 
2 
1 










Form, deep, broad, low, long, symmetrical, compact; stand- 










Quality, bone clean; hair silky; skin fine; flesh free from 










Condition, deep, even covering of flesh, especially in region 










Head and neck— 6 points: 




























































Fore quarters— 7 points: 






























Body— 28 points: 




























































Hind quarters— 19 points: 








































Legs, straight, short, strong, well placed; pasterns upright... 


















Total 


100 





















88 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



The Pennsylvania State College. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Points deficient. 



Student's 
score. 



General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; score ac- 
cording to age 

Objections, undersize, overgrown, coarse, slow to fatten. 
Form, deep, broad, low, long, symmetrical, compact, standing 

squarely on legs 

Objections, narrow hams; broad, heavy shoulders; loosely 
jointed, unsymmetrical. 

Quality, bone clean; hair silky; skin fine 

Objections, bone large, coarse, without taper; pasterns long; 
hair coarse, harsh, not evenly distributed. 

Disposition, quiet, gentle, easy to handle 

Objections, cross, restless, wild. 
Head and neck: 

Snout, length medium; not coarse 

Objections, long, thick, coarse. 

Face, short; cheek, full 

Objections, long, narrow between eyes. 

Eyes, full, mild, bright) 

Objections, small, dull, deep set; vision impaired by wrinkles. 

Ears, fine; size medium; soft 

Objections, large, coarse; knuckle long or large; difference 
in size or position one with another. 

Jowl, strong, neat, broad 

Objections, light, flabby, rough, deeply wrinkled, not carry- 
ing fullness back to the shoulder or brisket. 

Neck, thick; length medium 

Objections, long, flat, lacking in fullness and depth. 
Fore quarters: 

Shoulder, broad, deep, full, compact on top 

Objections, lacking in depth or width: thick beyond the line 
of sides and hams; extending above line of back; shield 
too coarse and prominent. 

Breast, advanced, wide 

Objections, narrow, contracted. 
Legs, short, strong; feet medium size; hoof erect, capable of 

bearing good weight 

Objections, legs long, slim, coarse, crooked; hoof long, slim, 
weak, unable to bear weight of animal without breaking 
down. 
Body: 

Chest, broad, deep; girth large 

Objections, flat, pinched; breastbone crooked. 

Sides, deep, lengthy, closely ribbed , 

Objections, flat, thin, not full at bottom as on top, drawn in 
at shoulders, tucked up as it approaches hams; lumpy or 
uneven surface. 

Back, broad, straight, thickly and evenly fleshed 

Objections, narrow, creased back of shoulders, hollow or 
humped, too long or tapering at the hams. 

Loin, wide, thick 

Objections, high, narrow, depressed, humped up. 

Belly, straight, wide, full 

Objections, narrow, sagging, flabby. 

Flank, even with under line, full 

Objections, thin, tucked up, drawn in. 
Hind quarters: 

Hips, wide apart, smooth 

Objections, narrow, peaked. 

Rump, long, wide, evenly fleshed, straight '. 

Objections, flat, narrow, peaked at root of tail, too steep. 

Hams, heavily fleshed, deep, wide 

Objections, narrow, short, thin; not projecting beyond and 
coming down to hock; cut up too high in the twist; straight 
from root of tail to hock; buttocks light, thin, flabby. 

Legs, straight, short, strong; feet medium size 

Objections, legs long, thin, coarse, crooked; hoofs long, slim, 
weak, unable to bear weight of animal without breaking 
down. 

Total 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



89 



State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of Tennessee. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Student's 
score. 



A. General appearance: 

1. Estimated weight, pounds; actual, pounds 

2. Weight, according to age, 6-8 months, 200-250 pounds 

3. Form, deep, broad, low, symmetrical, compact, standing squarely on legs 

4. Quality, bone clean; hair silky; skin fine 

5. Disposition, quiet 

6. Constitution, vigorous, robust, showing size and substance 

B. Head and neck: 

7. Snout, of medium length and fineness 

8. Eyes, full, mild, bright, large 

9. Face, short; cheeks full 

10. Forehead, broad, high, full 

11. Ears, of medium size, fine, soft 

12. Jowl, strong, neat, broad 

13. Neck, of medium length, thick 

C. Fore quarters: 

14. Shoulder vein, full 

15. Shoulder, broad, deep, full; top compact 

16. Breast, full, wide 

17. Legs, straight, short, strong; feet of medium size 

D. Body: 

18. Chest, deep, broad; girth large 

19. Sides, deep, lengthy, closely ribbed 

20. Back, broad, straight, thickly and evenly fleshed 

21. Loin, wide, thick 

22. Belly, straight 

23. Flank, even with underline 

24. Navel, large, defined 

E. Hind quarters: 

25. Hips, wide apart, smooth 

26. Rump, long, wide, straight, evenly fleshed 

27. Hams, deep, wide, heavily fleshed 

28. Thighs, fleshed close to hocks 

29. Twist, deep, plump 

30. Tail, tapering 

31. Legs, straight, short, strong; feet of medium size 



Total. 



90 



BUKEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of Tennessee. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



A. Primary considerations: 

1. Weight, pounds 

2. Size and substance, for age 

3. Action, vigorous, easy 

4. Appearance, cylindrical, smooth, compact 

5. Quality, skin, smooth, pliable; flesh firm; hair soft, fine, silky 

B. Nervous energy: 

6. Temperament, active, controlled 

7. Eyes, large, clear, bright, mild, placid, free from white 

s. Forehead, broad, high; face short 

9. Ears, broad, medium, thin, active 

10. Spinal column, long, well covered 

C. Structural anatomy: 

11. Contour, clean-cut, smooth, correlated, symmetrical, free from patchiness 

and offal 

12. Head, size medium; snout medium; face short 

13. Neck, thick, short 

14. Withers, broad on top, well fleshed; shoulder well covered, slanting 

15. Shoulder, heavy, broad, deep, full 

16. Back, broad, strong, well muscled 

17. Loin, broad, strong 

18. Pelvic arch, suppressed, well covered 

19. Flank, lean; twist full; thigh full, recurved 

20. Bones, medium; feet strong 

D. Digestion and assimilation: 

21. Nostrils, medium-sized, clear, bright 

22. Breast, full, low 

23. chest, wide, deep, long; girth large 

24. Middle piece, long, broad on top, deep 

25. Ribs, flat, well arched, deeply covered 

26. False ribs, well developed 

E. Essential qualities: 

27. Top line, straight or slightly arched; bottomline straight, close to ground.. 

28. Size and weight, indicating tendency to mature early 

29. Middle piece, well developed, giving strong back and deep long side 

30. Long from hook points to pin bones, and to hock; hams uniform, mass- 

ive, meaty 

31. Constitution, vigorous; bones sufficient for weight 



Total. 



Agricultural and Mechanical Colleg 


e of Texas. 




Scale of points. 


Possible 
score. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 


A. General appearance: 










6 

8 
8 
5 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
8 
2 
4 

10 

8 
4 

2 
2 

3 
3 

8 
4 
1 

4 






Form, deep, broad, low, symmetrical, compact, standing 


















B. Head and neck: 




































C. Fore quarters: 
























D. Body: 




































E. Hind quarters: 










































Total 


100 













THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



91 



Agricultural College of Utah. 





Score. 


Scale of points. 


Stand- 
ard. 


Student's. 


Corrected. 


General appearance: 








Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; score ac- 


6 

8 
8 
5 

2 

5 

8 






Form, deep, broad, low, long, symmetrical, compact, standing 












| 


Head and neck: 
































Fore quarters: 
























Body: 








8 
4 
3 
2 
2 

3 
3 

8 
4 
5 






























Hind quarters: 




































Total 


100 













College of Agriculture of the University of Wisconsin. 





Possible 
score. 


Points deficient. 


Scale of points. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 


General appearance— 25 points: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; according 


6 

8 
6 
5 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
2 
3 

6 
2 
5 

7 
8 
7 
5 
3 
2 

3 

4 
8 
5 






Form, deep, broad, low, long, symmetrical, compact, standing 


















Head and neck— 10 points: 








































Fore quarters— 13 points: 
















Body— 32 points: 












Back, broad, straight, thickly and evenly fleshed 
















Hind quarters — 20 points: 






















Total 


100 ' 











92 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



LARD HOGS. 
College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois. 



~* Scale of points. 


Perfect 
score. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 


General appearance— 30 points: 


6 
8 
8 
8 

1 
1 
1 
2 
2 

2 

2 

2 
8 
10 
10 

3 
3 
10 

2 






2. Form, deep, broad, low, long, .symmetrica], compact; stand- 






3. Quality, hair silky; skin line; bone tine; mellow covering of 






4. Condition, deep, even covering of flesh, especially in region 






Head and neck— 3 points: 




































Fore quarters— 12 points: 












13. Legs, straight, short, strong; bones clean; pasterns upright; 






Body— 32 points: 






























Hind quarters— is points: 












21. Ham, heavily fleshed, plump, full, deep, wide 

22. Legs, straight, short, strong; bone clean; pasterns upright; 


















100 













School of Agriculture of Purdue University. 



Scale of points. 


Stand- 
ard. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 


General appearance— 30 points: 


4 

8 

8 

8 
2 

1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 

8 
2 

2 

4 
8 
9 
9 
2 

3 
3 

10 

2 






2. Form, deep, broad, low, long, symmetrical, compact; stand- 






3. Quality, hair silky; skin fine; bone fine; covering of flesh 






4. Condition, deep, even covering of flesh, especially in region 












Head and neck— 8 points: 




































Fore quarters— 12 points: 












14. Legs, straight, short, strong; bones clean; pasterns upright; 






Body— 32 points: 






























Hind quarters— 18 points: 


















23. Legs, straight, short, strong; bone clean; pasterns upright; 












Total 


100 













THE SCOEE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 93 

Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



General appearance: 

1. Weight, score according to age 

2. Form, deep, broad, low, long, symmetrical, compact; standing squarely on legs 

3. Quality, hair silky; skin fine; bone fine; covering of flesh mellow, free from lumps 

and wrinkles 

4. Condition, deep, even covering of flesh, especially in regions of valuable cuts 

Head and neck: 

5. Snout, medium length; not coarse 

6. Eyes, full, mild, bright 

7. Face, short; cheeks full 

8. Ears, fine; medium size; soft 

9. Jowl, strong, neat, broad 

10. Neck, thick; length medium 

Fore quarters: 

11. Shoulder, broad, deep, full, compact on top 

12. Breast, advanced, wide 

13. Legs, straight, short, strong; bone clean; pasterns upright; feet medium size 

Body: 

14. Chest, deep, broad; girth large 

15. Sides, deep, lengthy, full; ribs close, well sprung..- 

16. Back, broad, straight, thickly and evenly fleshed 

17. Loin, wide, thick, straight 

18. Belly, straight, even 

Hind quarters: 

19. Hips, wide apart, smooth 

20. Rump, long, wide, evenly fleshed, straight 

21. Ham, heavily fleshed, plump, full, deep, wide 

22. Thighs, fleshed close to hocks 

.23. Legs, straight, short, strong; bone clean; pasterns upright; feet medium size 

Total 1 



Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky. 

Same as Iowa card (see above), with the following exception: Under quality, read "flesh smooth, 
mellow, free from lumps and wrinkles," etc. 



College of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota. 

Same as the Iowa card (see above) for lard hogs, with two exceptions: Under quality, read "skin 
mellow," etc.; under sides, read "medium length," etc. 



94 



BUEEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



The College of Agriculture and Domestic Science, Ohio State University. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect Student's Corrected 
score. score. 



A. General appearance— 28 points: 

Weight, estimated, ; actual, pounds; according to age. 

Form, deep, broad, low, symmetrical, compact; standing 

squarely on legs 

Quality, bone clean; hair silky; skin fine 

Disposition, quiet 

Action and style, vigorous, easy 

B. Head and neck — 8 points: 

Snout, medium, too short, not coarse; length, inches 

Eyes, full, mild, bright, large 

Face, short; cheeks full, without wrinkles 

Ears, fine; size medium; soft, neatly attached 

Jowl, strong, neat, broad, full to shoulders 

Neck, thick, short, broad on top...! 

C. Fore quarters — 14 points: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, broad, deep, full, compact on top 

Breast, advanced, wide, roomy 

Legs, straight, short, strong, wide apart, well set 

Pasterns, strong, straight, upright 

D. Body— 29 points: 

Chest, deep, broad; girth large, inches 

Sides, full and smooth from hams to shoulder, close ribbed 

Back, broad, straight, thickly and evenly fleshed 

Loin, wide, thick 

Belly, straight, wide 

Flank, even with under line; girth of body, inches 

E. Hind quarters— 21 points: 

Hips, smooth 

Rump, long, wide, level, well filled out 

Hams, heavily fleshed, deep, wide, thick 

Legs, straight, short, strong, wide apart, well set 

1 'a sterns, strong, straight, upright 

Tail, tapering 

Total 



South Dakota Agricultural College. 

Same as the Iowa card (see p. 93) for lard hogs. 



BACON HOGS. 
College of Agriculture of the "University of Illinois. 

Same as the Iowa card (see p. 95) for bacon hogs. 

School of Agriculture of Purdue University. 

Same as the Iowa card (see p. 95) for bacon hogs. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 95 

Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



General appearance: 

1. Weight, 170 to 200 pounds, the result of thick cover of firm flesh 

2. Form, long, level, smooth, deep 

3. Quality, hair fine; skin thin; bone fine; firm, covering of flesh without any soft 

bunches of fat or wrinkles 

4. Condition, deep, uniform covering of flesh, especially in region of valuable cuts 

Head and neck: 

5. Snout, fine 

6. Eyes, full, mild, bright 

7. Face, slim 

8. Ears, trim; size medium 

9. Jowl, light, trim 

10. Neck, light; length medium 

Fore quarters: 

11. Shoulders, free from roughness, smooth, compact, same width as back and hind 

quarters 

12. Breast, moderately wide, full 

13. Legs, straight, sho'rt, strong; bone clean; pasterns upright; feet medium size 

Body: 

14. Chest, deep; girth full 

15. Back, smooth; width medium, uniform 

16. Sides, long, smooth, level from beginning of shoulders to end of hind quarters; the 

side at all points should touch a straightedge running from fore to hind quarter.. 

17. Ribs, deep, uniformly sprung 

18. Belly, trim, firm, thick without any flabbiness or shrinkage at flank 

Hind quarters: . 

19. Hips, smooth, wide, proportionate to rest of body 

20. Rump, long, even, straight, rounded toward tail 

21. Gammon, firm, rounded, tapering, fleshed deep and low toward hocks 

32. Legs, straight, short, strong; feet medium size; bone clean; pasterns upright 

Total 



96 



BUEEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTEY. 
Michigan State Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect. 



Student's 

estimate. 



Head and neck: 

Snout, moderately fine 

Eyes, size good; full, bright 

Jowl, light, neat 

Neck, rather light, with no tendency to arch on top; length 

med ium 

Fore quarters: 

Shoulders, light, smooth, rounded from side to side over top, 
very compact, no wider than hack 

Breast, full; width good 

Fore legs, set well apart, straight; length medium; pasterns 

upright: bone flat, clean, moderately fine 

Body: 

Back, rising slightly above the straight line, and forming a 
very slight arch from neck to tail; width medium 

Loin, strong, full, but not unduly arched, wide as rest of back . 

Ribs moderately arched; length good 

Side, fairly deep, long, smooth, straight between shoulder and 
ham; a straightedge laid over shoulder point and ham 
should touch the side throughout 

Heart girth, full, but not flabby at forefianks, filled out even 
with side of shoulder; there should be no tucked up appear- 
ance back of forelegs, nor droop back of shoulder top 

Flank, full, low 

Underline, straight; the belly should be markedly trim and 

neat , 

Hind quarters: 

Rump, same width as back, lonp. slightly rounded from a point 
above hips to tail, and rounded from side to side over top 

Ham, full without flabbiness; thigh tapering toward hock 
without wrinkles or folds, carrying flesh well down toward 
hock 

Hind legs, length medium; hocks set well apart but not 
bowed outward; bone flat, clean, moderately fine; pasterns 

strong 

Quality:" 

Ear, rather thin (1); hair fine, abundant (2); skin smooth, 
showing no tendency to wrinkle (2); bone flat, clean in 
legs, moderately fine in snout and head, showing no promi- 
nence on side and top of shoulder (5); flesh, firm, smooth, 

with no flabbiness at jowl, foreflank, belly or ham (5) 

Style: 

Active, sprightly in movement, walking without a swaying 

motion, standing well up on toes 

N. B.— For hogs intended for killing, the same scale of points 
may be used with the following modifications: Strike out 
score for eyes. ears, hair, and style, deduct two points from 
points allowed forelegs and also hindlegs, and add follow- 
ing score: 

Weight, 175 to 200 pounds, live weight; being under 160 pounds 
or over 220 pt mnds will disqualify 



Total 



a Numbers in parentheses indicate perfect score of points enumerated.— G. M. R. 



THE SCORE CABD IN STOCK JUDOINO. 
SHEEP. 



97 











Points of the sheep, side view. 



1. Muzzle. 

2. Mouth. 

3. Nostril. 

4. Lips. 

8. Eye. 



10. Neck. 16. Brisket, or breast. 24. Hind flank. 

11. Neck vein, or shoul- 17. Top line. 25. Underline. 

dervein. 18. Crops. 26. Hip. 

12. Top of shoulder. 19. Ribs. 27. Rump. 

13. Shoulder. 21. Pore flank. 30. Thigh, or leg of mut- 

14. Arm. 22. Back. ton. 

15. Shanks. 23. Loin. 








6. Face. 

7. Forehead. 



FIG. 9.— Points of the sheep, front and rear views 

16. Brisket, or breast. 28. Pin bones. 
20. Girth, or heart girth. 29. Dock, or tail. 



1403— No. 61—04- 



98 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY 



New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points 



Mutton Woo) 

sheep. sheep. 



General appearance: 
Weight, estimated, — 
ture ram, ; ewe, 

Form, fur M., low, compact, symmetrical 



pounds; actual, pounds; standard for ma- 



Qi 



ng, 



■I \vi 



fur W., rather the reverse.. 
1 not be coarse in bone, fleece, or features; firm in hand- 

h soft, pliable skin of bright pink color 

hown by fleece, skin, girth, and movement 



Constit 
B. Head ai 

Muzzle, mouth and nostrils of good size; lips thin 

Eyes, bright, prominent; whites clear , 

Face, short, except in Oxfords, Hampshire*, and Cotswolds 

FV irehead, broad, full 

Ears, well apart, covered with fine soft hair; in size and form typical 

of breed 

Neck, for M., short, thick, neatly tapering to head: for W., longer, 

drooping at yoke 

('. Fore quarters: 

Shoulders, for M., smoothly joined with neck and body, broad on top, 

compact; for \V , less closely joined 

Breast, broad, carried well forward, closely joined to legs 

Legs, short, straight, strong, well apart; arm full 

D. Body: 

Back and loin, straight. br< >ad 

Ribs, springing from spine in such a plane as to make back broad and 

flat; for wool, slope downward from spine 

Chest, showing no depression above, at sides, or below, making large 

girth 

Flank . low. f ul 1 

E. Hind quarters: 

Hips, broad, flat above 

Rump, long, level, wide 

Thighs, full, less so for YV 

Twist, deep, plump 

Legs, straight, short, strong, but not coarse 

F. Wool: 

Quality, fine for breed, soft, even 

Density, great, even 

Length, great, even 

Yolk, slight amount 



Total. 



North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. 
! tin- card i see above) of the New Hampshire College for sheep 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



99 



School of Agriculture of Purdue University. 



Scale of points. 



A. Age, ; teeth 

B. General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, 

pounds, according to age 

Form, low, compact, symmetrical 

Quality, bone and wool tine 

Constitution, as seen in girth, skin, and fleece . . 

C. Head and neck: 

Muzzle, fine; mouth and nostrils of good size; 

lips thin 

Eyes, bright, full ; whites clear 

Face, short 

Forehead, broad 

Ears, fine, erect 

Neck, thick, short 

D. Fore quarters: 

Shoulders,, smooth, well covered 

Chest, wide, deep 

Brisket, thick, carried well forward 

Legs, straight, short, strong, well set; arm full; 
shank smooth 

E. Body: 

Back and loin, straight, wide 

Ribs, well sprung, deep 

Flanks, low, making straight underline 

F. Hind quarters: 

Hips, well apart, smooth 

Rump, long, level, wide 

Thighs, full 

Twist, plump, deep 

Legs, straight, short, strong: shank smooth 

G. Wool: 

Quality, fine, soft, clean, even 

Density, great 

Length, good 

Yolk 



Stand- 
ard. 



Mutton sheep. 
Score. 



Stu- Cor- 
dent's. rected. 



Total. 



Fine-wool sheep. 



Stand- 
ard. 



Score. 



Stu- Cor- 

dent's. rected. 



100 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of Tennessee. 



Scale of points. 



A. General appearance: 

1. Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds 

2. Weight, according to age; 6 months, 60-90 pounds; yearlings, 100-140 

pounds 

3. Form, dee]), broad, low set; carriage good 

I. Quality, hair silky; skin pink: bone dense; style active, sprightly 

5. Constitution, heart girth large; brisket well forward, showing size and 

substance 

6. Temperament, contented, docile rr. 

B. Head and neck: 

7. Muzzle, fine; mouth and nostrils large, no flabbiness about mouth 

8. Kyes. large, clear, placid 

9. Face, short : features clean cut 

10. Forehead, broad, full 

11. Ears, fine, erect 

12. Neck, medium, short, well fleshed; throat clean 

C. Fore quarters: 

13. Shoulder vein, full 

1-1. Shoulder, wide across top, compact, well fleshed, smooth 

15. Brisket, well forward; breast wide 

16. Legs, straight, short, wide apart; forearm full 

D. Body: 

17. Chest, wide, deep 

IS. Ribs, long, well arched, well covered 

19. Back, broad, straight, well fleshed; ribs arched 

20. Loin, broad, strong 

21. Flank, low, even with underline 

E. Hind quarters: 

22. Hips, wide, smooth 

23. Rump, long, level, wide 

21. Fin bones, smooth, wide 

25. Thighs, full, long, wide 

26. Twist, low, well tilled 

27. Legs, straight, short 

F. Wool: 

28. Flee e, dense, covering all parts of body evenly; yolk plentiful, free 

from kemp 

29. Fiber, bright, lustrous, strong, even; spirals regular 



Total. 



Perfect 
score. 



Student' 
score. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



101 



State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the University of Tennessee. 



Scale of points. 



A. Primary considerations: 

1. Weight, pounds 

2. Size and substance, for age 

3. Style, attractive, sprightly; breeding apparent 

4. Appearance, square, blocky 

5. Quality, skin pink; flesh Arm; hair soft, fine, silky 

B. Nervous energy: 

6. Terperament, active, controlled 

7. Eyes, large, clear, bright, mild, placid, free from white 

8. Forehead, broad, high 

9. Ears, small, thin, active 

10. Spinal column, medium, well covered 

11. Navel, large, defined 

C. Structural anatomy: 

12. Contour, clean cut, smooth, correlated, symmetrical, free from patchiness 

and offal 

13. Head, medium in size: muzzle refined; mouth large; facelean 

14. Neck, fine; length medium; throat clean 

15. Withers, broad on top, well covered, compact; shoulder well covered, 

slanting 

16. Back, straight, strong, well muscled 

17. Loin, broad, strong 

18. Pelvic arch, suppressed, smooth; pin bones wide 

19. Flank, low: twist full; thigh full 

20. Bones, fine, joints smooth 

D. Digest and assimilation: 

21. Nostrils, medium-sized, clear, bright 

22. Breast and brisket, prominent, low 

23. Chest, wide, deep, long; girth large 

24. Barrel, medium long, broad on top, deep, capacious 

25. Ribs, flat, close together, well arched 

26. False ribs, well developed 

E. Mutton and wool: 

27. Form, deep, broad, long, low set, evenly covered with firm flesh 

28. Back, broad, level, flesh firm, well covered 

29. Hind quarters, meaty, well developed 

30. Fleece, covering body evenly, dense; wool strong, even, bright 

31. Yolk, abundant; fleece free from kemp 



Perfect Student's 
score. score. 



Total. 



102 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY 



Agricultural College of Utah. 



Scale of points 



General appearance: 

Age, as indicated by teeth ; corrected 

Weight, estimated, ; actual, ; score according to age 

Form, low, long, symmetrical, compact 

Quality, bone clean, strong; hair silky 

Temperament, quiet 

Head and neck: 

Muzzle, line; mouth large: lips thin: nostrils large 

Kves, bright, full; whites (dear 

Face, short; expression quiet. 

Forehead, l iroad 

Bars, firm, erect, lively 

Neck, thick, short, heavier toward shoulders 

Fore quarters: 

Shoulder vein, lull 

Shoulders, compact, covered with flesh 

Chest, wide, deep 

Brisket, pr< neeting forward ; breast wide 

Legs, straight, short, wide apart, strong; forearm full; shanks tine 
Body: 

Back, straight, wide, well covered 

Loin, thick, broad 

Ribs, arched, deep 

Flank, low, thick, making under line straight 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, far apart, smooth 

Rump, long, level, wide 

Thighs, full, well fleshed 

'I' wist, plump, deep 

Legs, straight, short, strong; shanks smooth 

Constitution: 

Girth, large: feet, inches 

Skin, soft; color, pink 

Fleece, dense, even over the body 

Yolk, abundant, evenly distributed 

Wool: 

Quantity, long, dense, even 

Quality, tine, soft, pure, even; fibre lustrous 

Condition, bright, strong, clean 



Total. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



103 



MUTTON SHEEP. 

College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois. 

Same as the Indiana card (see below) for mutton sheep. The Illinois card uses the word " condi- 
tion" in the description of the chest instead of "constitution," which is probably a typographical 
error. 

School of Agriculture of Purdue University. 



Scale of points. 



Stand- 
ard. 



Student's 
score. 



1. Age, 

General appearance— 38 points: 

2. Weight, score according to age 

3. Form, long, level, deep, broad, low set, stylish 

■1. Quality, bone clean; hair silky; skin tine; light in offal, I 

yielding large percentage of meat ! 

5. Condition, deep, even covering of firm flesh, especially in 

region of valuable cuts; points indicating condition or i 
ripeness are thick dock, back thickly covered with flesh, 

thick neck, full purse, full flank, plump breast | 

Head and neck — 7 points: 

6. Muzzle, fine; mouth large; lips thin: nostrils large 

7. Eyes, large, clear, placid 

8. Face, short; features clean cut 

9. Forehead, broad, full '. 

10. Ears, fine, erect 

11. Neck, thick, short; throat free from folds 

Fore quarters— 7 points: 

12. Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, smooth 

13. Brisket, projecting forward; breast wide 

14. Legs, straight, short, wide apart, strong; forearm full 

shank smooth, tine 

Body— 20 points: ■ 

i5. Chest, wide, deep, full, indicating constitution 

16. Ribs, well sprung, deep 

17. Back, broad, straight, long, thickly fleshed 

15. Loin, thick, broad, long 

Hind quarters— 16 points: 

19. Hips, far apart, level, smooth 

20. Rump, long, level, wide to tailhead 

21. Thighs, full, deep, wide 

22. Twist, plump, deep 

23. Legs, straight, short, strong; shank smooth, fine 

Wool— 12 points: 

24. Quantity, long, dense, even 



Quality, fine, pure; crimp close, regular, even 
26. Condition, bright, sound, clean, soft, light 



104 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



1. Age 

General appearance: 

2. Weight, score according to age 

3. Form, long, level, deep, broad, low set, stylish 

4. quality, bone clean; hair silky; skin fine; light in offal, yielding large percentage 

of meat 

5. Condition, deep, even covering of firm flesh, especially in region of valuable cuts; 

points indicating condition or ripeness are thick dock, back thickly covered with 

flesh, thick neck, full purse, full flank, plump breast 

Head and neck: 

ii. Muzzle, fine: mouth large; lips thin; nostrils large 

7. Eyes, large, clear, placid 

8.' Face, short : features clean cut 

9. Forehead, broad, full 

10. Ears, fine, erect 

1 1 . Neck, thick, short; throat free from folds 

Fore quarters: 

12. Shoulder vein, full 

13. Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, smooth 

14. Brisket, projecting forward; breast wide 

15. Lcl,'s, straight, short, wide apart, strong; forearm full; shank smooth, fine 

Body: 

16. Chest, wide, deep, full, indicating condition 

17. Back, broad, straight, long, thickly fleshed; ribs arched 

is. Loin, thick, broad, long 

Hind quarters: 

19. Hips, far apart, level, smooth 

'20. Rump, long, level, wide to railhead 

21 . Thighs, full, deep, wide 

22. Twist, plump, deep 

23. Letrs, straight, short, strong: shank smooth, fine 

Wool: 

21. Kind, domestic, territory, carpet or blanket 

2.">. ( lass, clot hinir, delaine or combing 

26. Grade, fine, medium or coarse 

27. Quantity, Ions, dense, even 

28. Quality, fine, pure; crimp close, regular, even 

29. Condition, bright, sound, clean, soft, light 



Tota 



Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky. 



Same as the Iowa card i see above), except that under chest the word "constitution" is used instead 
of "condition:" this is probably what is intended in the Iowa card. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 
Massachusetts Agricultural College. 



105 





Possible 
score. 


Points deficient. 


Scale of points. 


Student's 
score. 


Corrected. 








B. General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; according 


J 

10 
6 

2 






Form, low, long, symmetrical, compact, evenly covered with 


























28 












C. Head and neck: 














































6 












D. Fore quarters: 


2 
3 
3 

3 
























Legs, straight, short, wide apart, strong; forearm full; shank 














13 




E. Body: 


4 ! 
3 ! 
3 
2 
































12 ' 












F. Hind quarters: ■ 


3 
4 

3 1 
4 
3 












Thighs, full 


























17 














1 
3 1 
3 
4 


























10 












H. Wool: 


6 
4 
4 
























14 ! 














100 1 













ior> 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Michigan State Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 



Stand- 
ard. 



Student's' 
estimate. 



• pounds 
ewe, — 



pounds; standard 



in bone, fleece, or features; firm 
pliable skin of bright pink color. 
, skin, girth, and movement 



A. General appearance: 
Weight, estimated, — 

for mature ram, — 
Form, low, compact, 
Quality, should not 1 

in handling, yet w 
Constitution, shown 

B. Head and neck: 

Muzzle, mouth and nostrils of good size; lips thin 

Eyes, bright, prominent; whites clear 

Face, short, except in Oxfords, Hampshires, and Cotswolds 

Forehead, broad, full 

F:ars, well apart; covered with fine, soft hair: in size and Form 
typical of breed 

Neck, short, thick, neatly tapering to head 

('. Fore quarters: 

Shoulders, smoothly joined with neck and body, broad, coin- 
pact on top 

Breast, broad, carried well forward, closely joined to legs 

Legs, short, straight, strong, well apart; arm full 

1>. Body: 

Back and loin, straight, broad 

broad and flat 

Chest, showing no depression above, at sides, or below, making 
large girt h 

Flank, low, full 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, broad, flat above 

Rump, long, level, wide 

Thighs, full 

Twist, deep, plump 

Legs, straight, short, strong, but not coarse 

Wool: 

Quality, fine for breed, soft, even 

Density, great, even 

Length, great, even 

Yolk, slight amount 



Total 






College of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota. 



This is the same as the Iowa card (see p. 104) for mutton sheep, with the following exceptions: The 
Shoulder is given 2 points, chest fi, and thighs 4. and under fore legs the description of shank reads 
••smooth, linn." 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 107 

College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts of the University of Missouri. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect - Isumate 8 Corrected. 



General appearance: 

Age, as indicated by teeth ; corrected 

Weight, estimated, pounds; corrected, pounds; accord- 
ing to age 

Form, square, blocky, low, symmetrical 

Quality, skin, thick, soft; color pink; bone clean, fine 

Temperament, quiet 





27 












Head and neck: 

Muzzle, fine; mouth large; lips thin; nostrils wide, open 


1 
1 
1 
1 
























1 






2 










7 


1. 




| 


Fore quarter: 


3 

3 

3 




Shoulder, compact, well covered with flesh, broad on top 






Legs, straight, short, well placed outside; arm full, short: bone 











11 


1 






Body: 


4 
3 
3 
3 
3 






































16 












Hind quarter: 


3 
3 
3 
4 
3 
































16 


1 


Constitution: 


3 
3 
3 


















9 








Wool: 


6 
4 
4 


















14 












Total 


100 













108 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY 



North Dakota Agricultural College. 



Scale of poii 



Age, ; teeth, 

General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, ■ pounds; actual 

to age 

Form, low, long, symmetrical, compact 

Quality, bone clean, strong; hair silky 

Temperament, quiet 

Head and neck: 

Muzzle, line; mouth large: lips thin; nostrils large 

Eyes, bright, full 

Face, short; expression quiet 

Forehead , broad 

Ears, fine, erect 

Neck, thick, short 

Fore quarters: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, covered, compact 



pounds; according 



Brisket, projecting forward; breast wide 

Legs, straight, short, wide apart, strong; forearm full; shank 



smooth 
Body: 

Chest, wide, deep 

Back, straight, wide 

Loins, thick, broad 

Ribs, arched, deep 

Flank, low, thick, making under line straight. 
Hind quarters: 

Hips, far apart, smooth 

Rump, lung, level, wide 

Thighs, full 

Twist, deep, plump 

Purse, full, indicating condition 

Legs, straight, short, strong; shank smooth 

Constituti 

Girth, large 

Skin, color pink 

Fleece, dense, even over body; yolk abundant 
Wool: 

Quantity, long, dense, even 

Quality, tine, soft, pure, even 

Condition, bright, strong, clean 



Total 



Perfect 
score. 



Points deficient. 



Student's 
score. 



"After Craig. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING 



109 



Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. 



Scale of points. 



Possible 
score. 



Student'! 
score. 



General appearance— £6 points: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; score ac- 
cording to age 

Form, long, level, deep, broad, low set, stylish 

Quality, bone clean; hair silky; skin fine;' light in offal, yield- 
ing large percentage of meat 

Condition, deep, even covering of firm flesh, especially in re- 
gion of valuablecuts; points indicating condition or ripeness 
are thick dock, back thickly covered with flesh, thick neck, 

full purse, full, low flank, plump breast 

Head and neck— 6 points: 

Muzzle, fine; mouth large; lips thin; nostrils large 

Eyes, large, clear, placid 

Face, short; features clean cut 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, fine, erect 

Neck, thick, short, free from folds 

Fore quarters — 4 points: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulder, covered with flesh, compact on top, smooth 

Brisket, projecting forward ; breast wide 

Legs, straight, short, wide apart, strong; forearm full; shank 

smooth, fine 

Body— 26 points: 

Chest, wide, deep, full, indicating constitution 

Back, broad, straight, long, wide, thickly fleshed; ribs arched. 

Loin, thick, broad, long 

Hind quarters — 17 points: 

Hips, far apart, level, smooth 

Rump, long, level, wide to tailhead 

Thighs, full, deep, wide 

Twist, plump, deep 

Legs, straight, short, strong; shank smooth, fine 

Wool— 11 points: 

Kind, domestic, territory, carpet, or blanket 

Class, clothing, delaine, or combing 

Grade, fine, medium, or coarse 

Quantity, long, dense, even 

Quality, fine, pure; crimp close, regular, even 

Condition, bright, sound, clean, soft, light 



Total 



110 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



The Pennsylvania State College. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



Age, : teeth, 

General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual 

to age 



pounds; according 



Form, low, long, symmetrical, compact. 
2le 



Quality, bone clean, strong; hair silky 

Temperament, quiet 

Head and neck: 

Muzzle, fine: mouth large: lips thin; nostrils large . 

Eyes, bright, full 

Face, short; expression quiet 

Forehead, broad 

Ears, tine, erect 

Neck, thick, short 

Fore quarters: 

Kh< adder vein, full 

Shoulders, covered, compact. 



Brisket, projecting forward ; breast wide 

Legs, straight, short, wide apart, strong; forearm full; shanks 



ioth 



Bodj 



Chest, wide, deep 

Back, straight, wide 

Loin, thick, broad 

Ribs, arched, deep 

Flank, low, thick, making under line straight 

Hind quarters: 

Hips, far apart, smooth 

Rump, long, level, wide 

Thighs, full 

Twist, plump, deep 

Purse, full, indicating condition 

Legs, straight, short, strong: shank smooth 

stitution: 

Girth, large 

Skin, color pink 

Fleece, dense and even over body; volk abundant . 
Wool: 

Quantity, long, dense, even 

Quality, tine, soft, pure, even 

Condit ii >n, bright, stn >ng, clean 



Total 



Points deficient. 



St sfore*' S Corrected. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



Ill 



Colleg-e of Agriculture of the University of Wisconsin. 



Scale of points. 



Per- 
fect 

score. 



I'i lints ili'tii-ii-nt. 



Student'; 
score. 



actual, pounds; according 

compact, evenly covered with 



Age, ; teeth, 

General appearance— 24 points: 

Weight, estimated, pound 

to age 

Form, low, long, symmetrical, 
firm flesh 

Quality, bone clean; hair silky 

Temperament 

Head and neck— 9 points: 

Muzzle, fair size; nostrils large; lips thin; mouth large 

Eyes, full, bright 

Face, short; expression bold 

Forehead, broad 

Ears, fine, erect 

Neck, thick, short; throat clean 

Fore quarters— 13 points: 

Shoulder vein, full 

Shoulders, covered, compact 

Chest, deep, wide; girth large 

Brisket, full, prominent; breast wide 

Legs, straight, short, wide apart, strong; forearm full; shank 

smooth 

Body— 13 points: 

Back, straight, wide 

Loin, broad, thick 

Ribs, deep, arched ! 

Flank, low, thick, making underline straight 

Hind quarters — 17 points: 

Hips, smooth, far apart 

Rump, long, level, wide 

Thighs, full , well fleshed 

Twist, plump, deep 

Legs, straight, short, strong; shank smooth 

Constitution— 10 points: 

Girth, large 

Skin, color pink 

Fleece, dense, even over body; yolk abundant 

Wool— 11 points: 

Quantity, long, dense, even 

Quality, fine, soft, pure, even 

Condition,, bright, strong, clean 



Total 



112 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



WOOL SHEEP. 
Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



1. Age, 

General appearance: 

2. Weight 

3. Form, level, deep, stylish, round rather than square. 

4. Quality, bone clean, fine; hair silky; skin fine 

Head and neck: 

5. Muzzle, fine; nose broad, wrinkly; pure white 

6. Eyes, large, clear, placid 

7. Face, wrinkly, covered with soft velvety coat 

8. Forehead, broad, full 

9. Ears, soft thick, velvety 

10. Neck, short, muscular, well set on shoulders 

Fore quarters: 

11. Shoulder, strong, deep, broad 

12. Brisket, projecting forward; breast wide 

13. Legs, straight, short, wide apart; shank smooth, fine. 
Body: 

14. Chest, deep, full, indicating constitution 

15. Back, level, long, round ribbed 

16. Loin, wide, level 

17. Flank, low, making under line straight 

Hind quarters: 

18. Hips, far apart, level, smooth 

19. Rump, long, level, wide 

20. Legs, straight, short, strong; shank smooth, fine 



Wool: 
21 



Kind, Domestic, clean, bright. 

Blanket } hairy or havin S dead flbers - 
Territory, dirty or discolored. 

22. Class, Clothing, fiber under 2 inches in length or unsound. 
Delaine, fiber 2 to 3 inches in length. 

Combing, fiber over 3 inches in length and sound. 

23. tirade, fine, medium, or coarse. 

24. Quantity, long, dense, even, covering especially crown, cheek, armpit, hind leg, and 
belly 



25. Quality, fiber, fine, close; quality even, including tops of folds; crimp regular 

26. Condition, bright, lustrous, sound, pure, soft; distribution of yolk even; even surface 

to fleece 



THE SCOKE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



113 



Michigan State Agricultural College. 



Scale of points. 



Stand- 
ard. 



Student's 
estimate. 



A. General appearance: 

Weight, estimated, pounds; actual, pounds; standard 

for mature ram, ; ewe, 

Form, level, deep, round rather than square 

Quality, should not be coarse in bone, fleece, or features; firm 
in handling, yet with soft, pliable skin of bright pink color 

Constitution, "shown by fleece, skin, girth, and movement 

B. Head and neck: 

Muzzle, mouth and nostrils of good size; lips thin 

Eyes, bright, prominent; whites clear 

Face, short, except in Oxfords, Hampshires, and Cotswolds... 

Forehead, broad, full 

Ears, well apart, covered with fine soft hair, in size and form 

typical of breed 

Neck, for M., short, thick, neatly tapering to head; for \V., 

longer, drooping at yoke 

C. Fore quarters: 

Shoulders, for M., smoothly joined with neck and body, broad 

on top, compact: for W., less closely joined ' 

Breast, broad, carried well forward, closely joined to legs 

Legs, short, straight, strong, well apart: arm full , 

D. Body: 

Back and loin, straight, broad 

Ribs, springing from spine in such a plane as to make back 

broad and flat; for wool, slope downward from spine 

Chest, showing no depression above, at sides, or below, making 

large girth 

Flank, low, full 

E. Hind quarters: 

Hips, broad, flat above 

Rump, long, level, wide 

Thighs, full, less so for W 

Twist, deep, plump 

Legs, straight, short, strong, but not coarse 

F. Wool: 

Quality, fine for breed, soft, even 

Density, great, even 

Length, great, even 

Yolk, slight amount 

Total 



POULTRY. 

Kansas State Agricultural College. 





Possible score. 


Student's score. 


Judge's score. 


Remarks. 




Shape. 


Color. 


Shape. 


Color. 


Shape. 


Color. 






















































































































1 














Tail 



















































































































1403— No. 61—04- 



114 



BUREAU <>K ANIMAL INDUSTRY 



Cornell University. 





Perfect score. 


Deficient. 




Scale of points. 


Ameri- 
can. 


Asiatic Medi " 
Asiatic. terrean 


Student's 
estimate. 


Cor- 
rected. 






8 

6 
6 

3 
3 

8 

6 

4 
6 

5 
5 

5 

5 

3 
3 

4 
•4 

4 

4 
8 


8 8 








6 10 
6 5 

3 2 

3 2 

8 10 

6 \{ e. 1. 6 

4 3 
6 4 

4 3 

4, 

5 | 6 

6 4 

5 ! 3 

3 3 

4 j 4 
4 4 

4 4 
4 4 

8 7 












Head: 

Shape 



















1 





Neck: 


/ 








:::: :::: 


Back: 




i 




i 


Breast: 






Color 






Body and fluff: 












Wings: 






Color 






Tail: 





















100 



















North Dakota Agricultural College." 







Body and fluff: 














Color.. . 








Wings: 










Head: 




Color .... 






Tail: 




















Legs and toes: 














Color . . . 






Crest and beard: 














Color 














Score 




Breast: 




















North Dakota and Northern Minnesota Poultry Association. A. P. A. standard score card. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STUCK JUDGING. 



115 



The Pennsylvania State College. 





Perfect score. 


Deficient. 




Scale of points. 


Ameri- 
can. 


Asiatic. 


Mediter- 
ranean. 


Student's 
estimate. 


Cor- 
rected. 




Typical carriage 


8 

6 
6 

3 
3 
8 
"6 

4 

6 

5 
5 

5 


6 
6 

3 
3 

8 
6 

4 


8 
10 
5 

2 
2 

10' 
f w. 4 
1 e.l. 6 

3 






















Head: 

Shape 

Color 























1 




Neck: 

Shape 


J 


1 


6 4 
4 3 








Back: 










4 
R 


4 

6 
4 

3 
3 

4 
4 

4 
4 








Breast: 










5 5 








Body and fluff: 


3 
3 

4 
4 

4 
4 
8 


5 
3 

4 
4 

4 
4 
8 
















Wings: 








Color 








Tail: 








Color 


























Total 


100 


100 100 





















Rhode Island College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 

[The decimal score card. Copyright by I. K. Felch.] 



Breed 

Entry No Coop No. 

Ring No 



.Sex 

...Weight. 



Directions for 
using this card. 



Condition, weight, or size . 
Comb, or crest and comb. . 
Head and adjuncts: 

Beak 

Eye -.- 

Ear lobe 

Wattles 

Neck: 

Shape 

Color 

Back: 

Shape 

Color 

Breast: 

Shape 

Color 

Body and fluff: 

Shape 

Color 

Wings: 

Shape 

Color 

Tail: 

Shape 

Color 

Legs and toes: 

Shape 

Plumage 

Color 



n 5- am a I 
w % £ « - ffi i 

p a ■ ® < 



~ ^2 r. c p= = 

- -3 - J? -'-■—: 
x.2 ^ ° o ._.« 

- r' 



ro ° ° s 



Total defects Score 



Judge. 
..Secy. 



11(5 



BUREAU OK ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



Rhode Island Agricultural College. 
FOR BREEDING PEN. 



[Copyright 



K. Felch.] 



Breed ... 

Sex . 
Weight. . 
Ring No 





















Head and adjuncts: 








I 




























Wattles 












Neck: 






















Back: 













( 'olc >r 




-- 








Breast: 
























Body and fluff: 
























Wings: 




















Tail: 






1 














Legs and toes: 





























































1 


i 





.Judge. 



DRESSED CARCASSES AND BLOCK TESTS. 
BEEF CATTLE — CARCASS EXAMINATION. 

College of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 
score. 



General appearance: 

1. Covering, even, smooth, firm, white 

2. Form, compact, well tided out 

3. Quality, flesh deep, even, firm; grain fine; texture firm but yielding to pressure; 

bone dense, fine; fat and lean well mixed 

1. Kidney fat, firm, white, brittle, in proportion to covering 

Fore quarters: 

5. Neck, short, neat 

6. Shoulder, compact, well covered 

7. Chuck ribs, not cc .arse; meat thick 

8. Prime ribs, flesh deep, carried well down, firm, evenly covered with medium thick 

fat ' 

9. Plate, light, not coarse 

10. Shank, arm fud; bone fine 

Hind quarters: 

11. Loin, flesh firm, even, deep; fat and lean well mixed; spine fat medium thiek 

VI. Rump, lull and evenly fleshed to tailhead 

13. Round, flesh thiek, carried well down, well mixed with fat 

14. Flank, thick, wel 1 filled , 

15. Shank, bone fine, dense ". , 

Total 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



117 



BLOCK RECORD. 



Name of animal 

Breeding 

Live weight 

■Shop No 

Age 



Type 

Sex 

Dressed weight 

Per cent dressed carcass to live weight. 



Date 




Cutbv 




Date Cut hv 














Left hind quarter — weight 






i| 

tuo 9 ^j 

'3 a> 3 

cS-R 
Eh 


0)+j 










i 


a . 

^ — 

- - 

.2 - 

o 




= f 

0) 

C 
o 

m 


iO 


ID— i 

■^ ■ 

3 ~ = 

« a c 

C o 
Pi 


O 


a . 

2 "5 
3 




a 

oi a 
R 

m 


!al 
gjg 

Oh 


0)-r-l 

Oh 


ai oj 
° <u o 

Oh 


Round: 


















































































































Fat 




















































Total 






























^ 


























Loin: 


























/ Porterhouse stk 










































































































































Total 














1 
















■ 1 i 



















Left front quarter- 


-weight 











Right front quarter- 


-weight 






Ribs; 


























































— 





— 












""""1 
































































Chuck: 
















































































































































_ 





— 
































._ 



















































NOTES ON CARCASS. 





Stand- 
ard. 


Stu- 
dent's. 


Cor- 
rect. 






20 
20 
20 
10 
10 
10 
10 








Marketable meat in c, d, i, k, I, in, i 
Remarks: 


, o, p 
















































Total 


100 

















118 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



LARD HOGS — CARCASS EXAMINATION. 

College of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota. 



Scale of points. 



Perfect 

score. 



lieiienil appearance: 

1. Skin, thin, mellow, soft 

2. Form, thick, deep; length medium 

3. Quality, flesh deep, even, firm; bone dense 

4. Kidney fat, abundant, white, firm 

( larcass: 

Head, fine, neat, short 

Neck, short, full 

Shoulder, compact, well covered 

side, deep, thick, evenly fleshed, firm; loin heavy 
Ham, large, plump, fleshed well down, firm 



Total 



BLOCK RECORD. 

shop No Live weight 

Type Dressed weight 

Age Per cent yield of carcass. 

Breeding Date cut 

Sex Cut by 



Major and minor cuts. 


Weights. 


Mead: 


















































































Shoulder: 














Butt (fat) 
















































































































































Middle: 
































Fat back 







































































































Hams: 
















...... ...... 














































































































THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 



119 



BACON HOGS— CARCASS EXAMINATION. 



College of Agriculture of trie University of Minnesota. 



Scale of points 



Perfect 
score. 



General appearance: 

1. Skin, thin, mellow, smooth 

2. Form, long, deep in proportion to thickness 

3. Quality, flesh. Arm, even, streaked with fat and lean; back fat, thin; bone dense I 

4. Kidney fat, white, firm ; 

Carcass: 

Head, fine, neat, longer than in lard hog : 

Neck, short, not heavy 

Shoulders, smooth, well covered 

Sides, long, deep, evenly fleshed, firm; loin heavy 

Ham, large, plump, firm; light covering of fat | 

Total -. 

I 



MUTTON SHEEP — CARCASS EXAMINATION. 
College of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota. 



Scale of points 



Perfect 
score. 



General appearance: 

1. Covering, even, smooth, firm, dry, white 

2. Form, long but compact; well filled in loin and leg 

3. Quality, flesh deep, even, firm, fine grained, not stringy; bone dense; fat evenly 

distributed, free from rolls 

4. Kidnev fat, firm, white, brittle, in proportion to covering 

Body: 

5. Neck, short, neat 

6. Plate, light, not coarse 

7. Shoulders, compact, well covered 

8. Rack, muscle deep, firm, even, carried well down; fat evenly distributed, medium 

thick 

9. Loin, muscle firm, abundant; fat medium thick 

10. Leg, plump, thick, fleshed well down 



BLOCK RECORD. 



Shop No 

Age 

Sex 

Live weight — 
Dressed weight. 



Per cent vield 

Date 

Cut by 

Left half weight . . 
Right half weight 









i> 








i 






te 


ca 


£-» 








" 








~ 


fS. 




a 




1$% 








i "§ 








■g 


C 


1 S 


a 


S~ 


M £ 








a~ 


H 

S 








g 1 i! so 
B | 


■2-"' 




5| 






'3 
> 


1 


3 






CD o3 

1 


BJ 


60 


■3* 

a 


it 


a. 








M 


a 


. 




M 


g 


_^ 


3 


3 


Z 


•§ 


































O 


§ 


« 




o 


§ 


pq 


ft 


H 


H 


~ 


- a 


Hind leg 


























2 
























Kidney fat 


























....4 
....5 


















































....6 


























....7 


























1 























Grand total weight and per cent of marketable meat 

Marketable meat in cuts 1 and 2 

Marketable meat in cuts 4, 5, 6. and 7 



weight of carcass. 



120 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

ANIMAL, MECHANICS. 
houses. 
New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 




1 


12 


12 


2 


13 


13 


'J 


14 


II 


•1 


If) 


lf> 


■1 


Ifi 




2 


17 




2 


18 


18 



Height at withers 

Length from point of shoulder to quarter 

From lowest point of chest to the ground 

From the point of elbow to the ground 

From the point of elbow to trapezium 

From trapezium to ground 

Circumference of the arm 

< Jircumference of cannon in center 

Circumference of foot at coronet 

From point of withers to occiput 

Length of head 

Wi.it hot forehead 

Circumference of muzzle at angle of mouth 

Width of chest i to) n out -id..' oi shoulder points 

Length of back from point of withers to point of croup. 

Width across hips 

Height to highest point of croup 

From center of dock to anterior point of patella 

From point of ho.k to point of hip 

From point of hock to ground 

Circumference oi thigh 

Circumference of shank in the center 

Circumference oi body at the girth 

Length of croup 

Height of crest ol occiput from ground 

Dorsal angle of sea] >u la to hip 

From angle of lower jaw to forehead above eye 

From throat to superior border of neck 



a Also used by North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 
Cornell University. 



121 



Height at withers. 

Height to highest point of croup 

Length from point of shoulder to quarter 

From lowest point of chest to the ground 

From the point of elbow to the ground 

From the point of elbow to trapezium 

From trapezium to ground 

Circumference of the arm 

Circumference of cannon in center 

Circumference of foot at coronet 

Length of head 

Width of forehead 

Circumference of muzzle at angle of mouth 

Width of chest from outside of shoulder points . . 

Width across hips 

From center of dock to anterior point of patella. 

From point of hock to point of hip ■ 

From point of hock to ground 

Circumference of thigh 

Circumference of shank in the center 

Circumference of body at the girth 

Length of croup 

Height of crest of occiput from ground 

Dorsal angle of scapula to hip 

From angle of lower jaw to forehead above eye. . 
From throat to superior border of neck 



]22 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

The College of Agriculture and Domestic Science, Ohio State University. 




Fig. 11.— Chart for study of articular angles of the horse. 



Degrees. 



Inclination upon the horizon: 

Scapular 

Humeral 

Iliac 

Femoral 

Tibial 

Cephalic 

Cervical 

Articular angles ill stations: 

Seapulo-humeral 

Humero- radial 



Ilio-femoral 

Femoro-tibial 

Tibio-metatarsal 

Metatarso-phalangal 

( lervici (-cephalic 

Attitudes in station: 

Anterior members viewed in profile 

Anterior members viewed in front 

Posterior members viewed in profile 

Posterior members viewed from behind . 



"Also used by Cornell University. 



THE SCORE CARD IN STOCK JUDGING. 123 

CATTLE. 
College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of trie University of Missouri. 



















































































































Weight 
































































































































































































Length of a perpendicular line from withers to a point 

































































































































































































































































































































The College of Agriculture and Domestic Science, Ohio State University. 




Height at the withers 

Height at highest point of croup 

Height of foreflank 

Height of flank 

Length from the base of horns to the withers 

From the highest point of withers to a line between the hips 

From a line between hips to the tail 

Length of a perpendicular line from withers to a point opposite the point of the 

shoulders 

Girth of throatlatch 

Heart girth '. 

Girth of middle of paunch 

Girth at the flank 

From point of hip to ischium 

From point of hips to last rib 

Width of hips 

Fr -m point of hip to point of hock 

Weight of forequarters 

Weight of hind quarters 



124 



BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



MARKET REPORTS. 



BEEF CATTLE 



College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois. 





Grades. 


Prices per hundredweight. 


('lassos. 


Mon- 
day. 


Tues- 
day. 


Wednes- 
day. 


Thurs- 
day. 


Fri- 
day. 


Satur- 
day. 


































































































































































































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1 


























1 


























































Common cutters and good 
canners. 














































































































































































Fancy selected yearling 
stackers. 






























































































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EFFICIENCY OF MILKING. 

The Connecticut Agricultural College. « 

A. 1. Regularity of milking 3 

2. Rapidi t y of milking 12 

3. Thoroughness of milking 12 

4. Quietness while milking 3 

B. 1. Amount of milk produced by cows 15 

•J. Amount of fat produced by cows 3 

3. Accuracy of weighing 1 

4. Accuracy of recording 1 

5. Accuracy of sampling and Babcock testing 10 

C. Sanitary milking: 

1. Concerning the milker— 

(a) Milker should wear a clean white suit 2 

(6) Milker must have clean hands 2 

(c) Milking: with dry hands -. 2 

2. Concerning the cow — 

(a) Preparation of the cow for milking 8 

(b) Prevention of contamination while milking — 

Wipe flank and udder of cow with damp cloth 2 

Reject fore milk 2 

Use of covered milk pail 2 

3. Determination of germ content of milk— 

(a) Number of germs 20 

Total 100 



«An. Kpt., Starrs Expt. Sta., 1902-03. 



Bulletin No. 61 



Plate I. 



<fe 



33 



Should 



J 



Chuck 



Ttibs 



S3 



Loin 




Bulletin No. 61, B. A. 



Plate II 




Bulletin No. 61 , B. A. I. 



Plate III, 




Bulletin No. 61, B. A. 




Fig. 1.— Small End Ribs. 




Fig. 2.— Large End Ribs, 



BULLETIN No. 61, B. A. I: 



Plate V. 




Fig. 1 .—Rolled Roast. 




Fig. 2.— Porterhouse Steak. 



Bulletin No. 




Fig. 1.— Wedge-bone Sirloin. 




First-cut Sirloin. 



iuLUETIN No. 61, B. A. 



Plate Vli. 




Fiq. 1.— First Cut of Round. 




Fig. 2.— Last Cut of Round. 



Plate VIII. 




Bulletin No. 61, B. A. 



Plate IX. 




3ULLETIN No. 61, B. A. I. 



Plate X. 




Fig. 1,— California Ham. Fig. 2.— Shoulder Butt. Fig. a,— Shoulder, Untrimmed. 
Fig. 4.— Ham, Untrimmed. Fig. 5.— Ham, Trimmed. 



Bulletin No. 



Plate XI. 





Fig. 1.— Bacon Strip. Fig. 2— Fat Back. Fig. 3.— Spareribs and Loin. 
Fig. 4— Large End of Middle. Fig. 5.— Small End of Middle. 



1403— No. 61—04- 



-10 



Bulletin No. 61, B. A. 



Plate XII. 




Bulletin No. 61, B. A. I. 



Plate XIII. 




Bulletin No. 61, B. A. I. 




Fig. 1.— Shoulder, Untrimmed. 




Fig. 2.— Shoulder, Trimmed. 



Bulletin No. 61, B. A. 





Fig. 1.— Loin and Rack. Fig. 2.— Loin Chops. Fig. 3.— Rib Chops. 



Bulletin No. 61, B. A. 



Plate XVI. 




Figs. 1 and 4.— Leg, Trimmed. Figs. 2 and 3.— Leg, Untrimmed. 



LBFe '07 



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